UNIT - 1
Research Methodology:
Introduction, Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology, Research and Scientific Method, Research Process, Criteria of Good Research, Problems Encountered by Researchers in India. Defining the Research Problem: Research Problem, Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining the Problem, Technique Involved in Defining a Problem.
UNIT - 2
Reviewing the literature:
Place of the literature review in research, Bringing clarity and focus to research problem, Improving research methodology, Broadening knowledge base in research area, Enabling contextual findings, Review of the literature, searching the existing literature, reviewing the selected literature, Developing a theoretical framework, Developing a conceptual framework, Writing about the literature reviewed. Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design, Important Concepts Relating to Research Design, Different Research Designs, Basic Principles of Experimental Designs, Important Experimental Designs.
UNIT - 3
Design of Sample Surveys:
Design of Sampling: Introduction, Sample Design, Sampling and Non-sampling Errors, Sample Survey versus Census Survey, Types of Sampling Designs. Measurement and Scaling: Qualitative and Quantitative Data, Classifications of Measurement Scales, Goodness of Measurement Scales, Sources of Error in Measurement, Techniques of Developing Measurement Tools, Scaling, Scale Classification Bases, Scaling Technics, Multidimensional Scaling, Deciding the Scale. Data Collection: Introduction, Experimental and Surveys, Collection of Primary Data, Collection of Secondary Data, Selection of Appropriate Method for Data Collection, Case Study Method.
UNIT – 4
Data Preparation:
Data Preparation Process, Some Problems in Preparation Process, Missing Values and Outliers, Types of Analysis, Statistics in Research. Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Dispersion, Measures of Skegness, Kurtosis, Measures of Relationship, Association in case of Attributes, Other Measures.
UNIT - 5
Sampling and Statistical Inference:
Parameters and Statistic, Sampling and Non- Sampling Errors, Sampling Distribution, Degree of Freedom, Standard Error, Central Limit Theorem, Finite Population Correction, Statistical Inference.
UNIT - 6
Testing of Hypotheses:
Hypothesis, Basic Concepts Concerning Testing of Hypotheses, Testing of Hypothesis, Test Statistics and Critical Region, Critical Value and Decision Rule, Procedure for Hypothesis Testing, Hypothesis Testing for Mean, Proportion, Variance, for Difference of Two Mean, for Difference of Two Proportions, for Difference of Two Variances, P-Value approach, Power of Test, Limitations of the Tests of Hypothesis. Chi-square Test: Test of Difference of more than Two Proportions, Test of Independence of Attributes, Test of Goodness of Fit, Caution in Using Chi Square Tests.
UNIT – 7
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA):
The ANOVA Technique, Basic Principle of ANOVA, One way ANOVA, Two way ANOVA, Latin – square Design, Analysis of Co- Variance, Assumptions in Co-Variance.
UNIT – 8
Linear Regression Analysis:
Dependent and Independent Variables, Simple Linear Regression Model, Multiple Linear Regression Model, Problem of Multicolinearity, Qualitative Explanatory Variables. Factor Analysis: The Mathematical Basis, Important Methods of Factor Analysis, Rotation in Factor Analysis, R – Type and Q – Type Factor Analysis, Merits and Demerits of Factor Analysis.
UNIT – 9
Probability:
Random Experiments, Sample Spaces, Events, The Concept of Probability, The Axiomsof Probability, Theorems on Probability, Assignment of Probabilities, Conditional Probability, Theorems on Conditional Probability, Independent Events, Bayes’Theorem. Random Variables, Discrete Probability Distributions, Distribution Functions for RandomVariables, Distribution Functions for Discrete Random Variables, Continuous Random Variables, Graphical Interpretations, Joint Distributions Independent Random Variables, Change of Variables, Probability Distributions of Functions of Random Variables, Convolutions, Conditional Distributions.
UNIT - 10
The Binomial Distribution, Properties of the Binomial Distribution, The Normal Distribution, Properties of the Normal Distribution, Relation Between Binomial and Normal Distributions, The Poisson Distribution, Properties of the Poisson Distribution, Relation Between the Binomial andPoisson Distributions, Relation Between the Poisson and Normal Distributions, The Hypergeometric Distribution.
Reference Books:
(1) Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, C.R. Kothari, Gaurav Garg, New Age International Publishers,4th Edition, 2019.
(2) Research Methodology a step-by-step guide for beginners, Ranjit Kumar, SAGE Publications Ltd, 3rd Edition, 2011. [For Unit -2, Reviewing the Literature]
(3)Probability and Statistics, Murray R. Spiegel, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, 4th Edition, 2013.[For Unit -9 and Unit – 10]
Part II
Unit 1
ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND HEAT TREATMENT:
Structure, Properties, and Applications of Engineering Materials (Metals, Ceramics, Polymers, and Composites), Phase diagrams, and Stress-Strain Diagrams for Engineering Materials. Various Heat Treatment Processes of Metals and Alloys.
Unit 2
FLUID MECHANICS AND BASIC THERMODYNAMICS:
Fluid Properties, Fluid statics, Manometry, Buoyancy, Forces on Submerged bodies and Stability of Floating Bodies. Zeroth, First, and Second Laws of Thermodynamics and their Applications.
Unit 3
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES:
IC Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel and dual cycles. Two stroke, Four stroke Petrol and Diesel Engines. IHP, BHP, FHP, and Various types of Efficiencies.
Unit 4
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES:
Principles of Casting, Forging, Rolling, Extrusion, and Sheet metal Forming. Metal joining processes such as Welding, Brazing, Soldering, and Adhesive bonding. Basics of Additive Manufacturing.
Unit 5
MACHINE TOOLS AND OPERATIONS:
Operation of Machine Tools like Lathe, Drilling Machine, Milling Machine, Grinding, Machine. Mechanics of Machining, Single and Multi Point Cutting Tools. Principles and types of Non-Conventional Machining Processes. Basic Concepts of CAD/CAM.
Unit 6
MACHINE DESIGN AND MECHATRONICS:
Design for Static and Dynamic Loading, Failure theories, Fatigue Strength and S-N diagram, Principles of Design of Machine Elements such as Bolted, Rivetted and Welded Joints, Shafts, Gears, and Springs. Power Transmission: Belt, Rope, chain, and Gear Drives. Introduction to Mechatronics: Open Loop and Closed Loop Control Systems.
Unit 7
QUALITY AND RELIABILITY:
Quality Management: Quality concepts and costs. Introduction to SQC, Acceptance Sampling, and Six-Sigma. Reliability, availability and maintainability; distribution of failure and repair times; determination of MTBF and MTTR, reliability models; determination of system reliability.
Unit 8
METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS:
Limits, Fits, Tolerances and Gauges. Fundamentals of Linear, angular, and Form measurements. Inspection of screw threads and gears; surface finish measurement by contact and non-contact methods.
Unit 9 OPERATIONS RESEARCH:
Operations Research: Linear Programming, Simplex Method, Transportation, Assignment, and Game theory Problems. Network Analysis: PERT and CPM. Forecasting techniques – causal and time series models, moving average, exponential smoothing, trend and seasonality.
Unit 10
ENGINEERING ECONOMY AND COSTING:
Interest Factors, Present Worth, Annual Equivalent, and Pay back calculations. Methods of Depreciation, Basics of cost accounting, Break-even analysis, techniques for evaluation of capital investments.