AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS:
Closed loop control and open loop control systemsExamples, Elements of control system, process variables, process parameters, Representation of control systems in terms of block diagrams and its explanation, Laplace transforms. Z transforms.
FUNDAMENTALS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS:
Indicators and recorders. Pressure measurement- Bourdon, diaphragm and bellow type gages. Vacuum measurements. Temperature measurement- Bimetal and resistance thermometers, thermocouples and pyrometers, Flow measurement, Level measurement devices, pH and DO analyzers, on-line and off-line analysis of biomass estimation
INTRODUCTION TO CONTROLLER:
Mode of action of controllers and the Transfer function, Response of the controller to Step, Pulse, Linear changes to error signals, qualities of good controller, proportional Band. Transmitters, Measurements systems. Measurement of process variables, Actuators, Positioners, Control valves, Valve body, valve Plug, Variable Displacement pumps, and constant output pumps, PLC. Sequential control, Logic and security systems.
Block diagram Deduction, Analysis of typical control system-Closed loop analysis -Servo and Regulatory problems for First and second order systems, Closed and loop transfer functions, P-controller for set point change, off-set,P-controller for load change, Pi controller with set point change. Stability. Process identification, Root locus, Routh Array, Bode and Nyquist diagrams. Stability margins. Robustness, Steady state errors. Frequency domain response
Elements of tuning and closed loop dynamics Industrial controllers. Design methodology. Control specifications. PID tuning. Rule and model based tunning. Autotunners. Common control loops. Process design and operability. Control structures. Cascade. Feed forward. Ratio. Examples. Interactive systems. Multivariable processes. RGA. Decoupling control. Design, scale up and optimization of various equipment and biosystems used for biotechnological process industries (equipment used in upstream, downstream and fermentation processes).