INTRODUCTION TO BIOPROCESS:
Objectives, Material and energy balance involved, Energy based calculation involved in bioprocess technology (Upstream and Downstream process Both steady state and Unsteady state), Process Flow diagrams development, validation (introduction, structure and resources for validation) of systems and processes including SIP and CIP, cGMP guidelines. Seed culture and inoculums development, culture cell banks, Operational models of reactors (Batch, continuous, Fed Batch, repetitive batch, recycle and continuous cultivation), Novel bioreactors Stirred tank, Air lift & Loop reactors, fluidized bed reactor, Packed bed and Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors, immobilized Bioreactor), Bioreactors for waste treatment processes; SSF bioreactors, Selection of bioprocess equipment (upstream and downstream), heat transfer and mass transfer equipment’s.
BASIC DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FERMENTERS AND ITS AUXILIARIES:
Material of construction, Vessels for Bioprocess (Vessel geometry and vessel design), bearing assemblies, Motor drives, Aseptic seals, Flow measuring and control devices, Agitator and Sparger Design, piping, valves, Pressure relief system, Conveyor and elevator, sensors and instrumentation, control system and stability of control system.
REACTOR CONFIGURATION:
Facility design aspects and Utility supply aspects, Equipment cleaning aspects, Design considerations for maintaining sterility of process streams and process equipment, Materials of construction for bioprocess plants. Medium requirements and formulation for fermentation processes (examples of simple and complex media), design and usage of commercial media for industrial fermentations, Batch and continuous heat sterilization of liquid media, Filter sterilization of liquids, Air sterilization-Techniques involved, sterility test and integrity test, Inoculation process, sampling process, cell harvesting, Cooling of fermenter system, water system for bioprocess industry (production of triple distilled water), Primary packing and secondary packing, waste disposable technology, environmental aspects.
Mass transfer in heterogeneous biochemical reaction systems;
Oxygen transfer in submerged fermentation processes, Oxygen uptake rates and determination of oxygen transfer coefficients (kLa), role of aeration and agitation in oxygen transfer. Heat transfer processes in biological systems. Numerical using Reynold’s, Prandtl’s, Chilton & Colburn analogies. Scale up and scale down, effect of scale up on oxygenation issues, mixing, sterilization, pH, temperature, nutrient availability and supply; Bioreactor scale up based on constant power consumption per volume, mixing time, impeller tip speed(Shear), mass transfer coefficients. Scale up of downstream processes: Adsorption; (LUB method); Extractors (geometry based c rules); Filtration (cross flow Chromatography constant resolution etc. Centrifugation (equivalent times etc.). Scale-down related aspects.
CONCEPTS OF CAED:
Detailed process and mechanical design of the following equipments via CAED – Agitated and jacketed vessels, fermenter vessels, shell and tube heat exchanger and double pipe heat exchanger. Types of joints (welded), pipe and pipe fittings.
Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:
Question paper pattern:
The SEE question paper will be set for 100 marks and the marks scored will be proportionately reduced to 60.
Textbook
1 Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals Bailey and Ollis Prentice Hall 1992
2 Biochemical Engg. and Biotechnology Handbook Atkinson, B. &Maviuna, F Mc-Graw hill (2ndEdition 1993
Reference Books
1 Bioprocess Engineering Principles Pauline M. Doran Academic Press 1995
2 Fermentation & Biochemical Engineering Hand Book H. C. Vogel & C. L. Todaro William Andrew 1983
3 A compendium of Good Practices in Biotechnology ButterworthHeiemann BIOTOL Series 1993