BIOSENSOR CHARACTERISTICS
Definition and components of biosensor, Basic measurement system, Measurement, Measureand, Errors in Measurements, Signal and Noise, Calibration, Method validation, Surface chemistry, Mass transport, Static characteristics- accuracy, precision, linearity, hysteresis, threshold; dynamic range, Dynamic Characteristics – response time, damping, calibration, standards and AC/DC bridges, Biocompatibility and surface fouling, sensor integration and systems fabrication.
TRANSDUCERS
Various types of transducers; principles and applications - Calorimetric, Optical, Potentiometric / Amperometric, Conductometric / Resistometric, Piezoelectric, Semiconductor, Impedimetric, Chemiluminescence - based Biosensors, Quantum dots, Fluorescence, Raman Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Enhancement and DNA microarrays
BIOCHEMICAL RECOGNITION
Chemical reactions: history of gravimetric and colorimetric reactions. Problems of specificity.Enzymes: biological catalysts, specificity, activity, storage/shelf life. Enzyme kinetics in solution and on a surface. Chemical equilibrium- forcing an unfavorable reaction. Cells: Signal transduction through chemoreception, membrane potential, cell metabolism, cytotoxicity, and transformed ‘bioreporter’ organisms. Antibodies: Immunochemistry, binding affinity and kinetics; hapten synthesis. Nucleic Acids (RNA and DNA): Basic biochemistry, hybridization; Amplification/self-replication; Secondary Structure and folding Aptamer (oligonucleotide) based recognition and molecularly imprinted polymers. Common assaying formats i) Labels: Radioisotopes, fluorophores, dyes, enzymes/substrates, liposomes, electroactive compounds. ii) ELISAs and nucleotide capture assays.
MODERN INTEGRATED BIOSENSORS
Bioelectronic sensors (Fundamentals of microelectronics and CMOS based sensors) Biophotonic sensors (Fundamentals of photonic sensors, Resonant optical sensors, Plasmonic sensors) Biomechanical sensors (Principles of micro-electromechanical (MEM) resonators and sensors) Microfluidic devices for Lab-on-a-chip (Fabrication, Devices and techniques) Application of nanotechnology in bio sensing (Nanoparticles, Active nanochannels, Nanoelectronic, Nanophotonic and Nanomechanical sensors). Potential advantages & Developments towards a biomolecular computer, development of molecular arrays as memory stores; molecular wires and switches; mechanisms of unit assembly, Assembly of photonic biomolecular memory store; Information processing; commercial prospects for biomolecular computing systems Chemometrics, Biosensor arrays; Electronic nose and electronic tongue
APPLICATIONS
Biosensor applications in clinical chemistry, medicine and health care, biosensors for veterinary, agriculture and food, Low cost - biosensor for industrial processes for online monitoring; biosensors for environmental monitoring. Application of enzymes in analysis; design of enzyme electrodes and their application as biosensors in industry, healthcare, food and environment, Mobile/Point of Care biosensors
Course outcomes:
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
• Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of each type of element in biosensing element in relation to their use in biosensors.
Question paper pattern:
The SEE question paper will be set for 100 marks and the marks scored will be proportionately reduced to 60.
• The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
• Each full question is for 20 marks. • There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub question covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from
Textbook/ Textbooks
1 Chemical Sensors and Bios ensors: Fundamentals and Applications F.‐G. Bănică Wiley 2012
2 Advances in Biosensors B.D. Malhotra, A.P.F.Turner Elsevier JAI 2003
Reference Books
1 Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation P. Sharma Umesh Publications 2006
2 Bioelectronics: From Theory to Applications I.Willner, E.Katz Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & C0 2006
3 Biosensors for environmental monitoring Bilitewski, U.Turner A.P.F. Harwood, Amsterdam 2000