BIOENERGY CONCEPTS- INTRODUCTION
Biopower, bioheat, Biofuels, advanced liquid fuels, drop-in fuels, Biobased products, Sustainability & Resilience, Bioenergy & Environment, Carbon Footprint, Emissions of biomass to power generation applications, Emissions from biofuels,
BIOMASS
Properties and types, proximate and ultimate analysis, calorific value, density, moisture content, energy content in biomass, chemical composition of biomass, Biomass logistics, Harvesting or collection, Densification, Transport, Storage.
BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
Harvested Feedstock: Feedstocks for first generation biofuels – Sugar crops, grains, oil seeds considered in terms of their potential for production; land use; competition with food and other industrial crops; energy inputs in production; and transport logistics. Feedstocks for second generation Biofuels - Dedicated plantation, Forestry and agricultural residues, secondary biomass feedstocks (agricultural, industrial, commercial, and municipal organic wastes) considered in terms of their production, composition, purity, conversion potential and environmental impacts. Feedstocks for third generation feedstocks - Micro and macro algae considered in terms of development of new biomass feedstocks and technical constrains. Biofuels from biomass conversion processes (solid: biochar; liquids: bioethanol and biodiesel; gaseous: biogas and syngas). Residue Feedstocks: Agricultural waste, Forestry waste, Farm waste, Organic components of residential, commercial, institutional and industrial waste
BIOMASS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
Pretreatment of biomass (pelleting; chipping; biodrying etc.), Biorefineries& end productsBiochemical Conversion: Hydrolysis, enzyme & acid hydrolysis, Fermentation for bioethanol and Bio-butanol production, Anaerobic digestion for biogas/biomethane production, Trans-esterification for biodiesel productionThermochemical Conversion: Combustion, Gasification, Pyrolysis Types of reactors, chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetics.Management of solids / liquids / gaseous biomass process waste.Heat generation from biomass boilers and stoves (operation, sizing criteria).Power generation from biofuels: engines (ICE), turbines (steam, ORC, gas) and fuel cells.
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
Cradle-to-grave, field to wheels concepts; Goal and scope determination, defining LCA boundaries; Life Cycle Inventory, Life Cycle Assessment; Advanced low-carbon fuels from waste; Bio-electrochemical systems (e.g. microbial fuel cell) for bioenergy and chemical production.
Course outcomes:
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
• Integration of the biological and engineering principles of resource use and productivity in a quantitative manner in order to assess the effectiveness of agricultural and agroforestry biomass production systems
•Location of relevant information sources on biomass energy and to critically assess the quality of the data and the information source
• Production of clear and concise analyses of benefits and problems relating to the production and use of different forms of biomass energy
Question paper pattern:
The SEE question paper will be set for 100 marks and the marks scored will be proportionately reduced to 60.
• The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
• Each full question is for 20 marks.
• There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub question covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
Textbook/ Textbooks
1 Biorenewable Resources: Engineering New Products from Agriculture Robert C. Brown Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 2003
2 Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications. Samir K. Khanal Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 2008 2008
Reference Books
1 Bioenergy : power, fuels and products Jennifer A. DeCesaro, Matthew H. Brown Policy 2006
2 Introduction to Bioenergy Vaughn C. Nelson and Kenneth L. Starcher CRC 2017
3 Bioenergy: Biomass to Biofuels AnjuDahiya Academic press 2014