Introduction To Soil Mechanics And Site Investigation:
Soil Mechanics applications to Highway Engineering. Soil formations, Types, Regional Soil deposits of India, Index properties, their determination, importance, various soil classification systems, HRB classification, problems on these.
Site Investigation:
Introduction, Planning exploration programmes, Types of Exploration, Location and depth of Borings, Methods, Samplers, SPT, Subsoil investigation Report, Geophysical methods
Shear Strength Of Soil :
Introduction, Importance, Measurements, shear strength of clay and Sand, Elastic properties of soil – Tangent, Secant modulus, Stress – Strain curves, Poisson’s ratio, Shear Modulus
Ground Improvement:
Definition, Objectives of ground improvement, Classification of groundImprovement techniques Soil Compaction- Effect of grain size distribution on compaction for various soil types like lateritic soil, coarse-grained soil and micaceous soil. The Effects of compaction on engineering behavior like compressibility, swelling and shrinkage, permeability, relative density, liquefaction potential. Field compaction – static, dynamic, impact and vibratory type. Shallow and deep compaction, Dynamic Compaction, Vibrofloatation
Hydraulic Modification And Chemical Modification Hydraulic modification –
Definition, gravity drain, lowering of water table, multistage well point, vacuum dewatering. Vertical drains, Sand drains,Drainage of slopes, Electro kinetic dewatering, Preloading. Chemical modification – Definition, cement stabilization, sandwich technique, admixtures. Hydration – effect of cement stabilization on permeability, Swelling and shrinkage and strength and deformation characteristics,. Stabilization using Fly ash. Lime stabilization – suitability, process, criteria for lime stabilization. Other chemicals like chlorides, hydroxides, lignin and hydrofluoric acid. Bitumen, tar or asphalt in stabilization.
Soil Reinforcement:
Earth reinforcement – Principles and mechanism of reinforced earth-reinforced soil retaining structures, Synthetic and natural fibre based Geotextiles and their applications - Filtration, drainage, separation, and erosion control. Design Principles of steep reinforced soil slopes – pavements – Embankments on soft soils, introduction to soil nailing concepts
Miscellaneous Methods (Only Concepts & Uses):
Grouting: Introduction, Effect of grouting. Chemicals and materials used. Types of grouting, grouting procedure, Applications of grouting. Thermal methods, Crib walls, Gabions and Mattresses, Anchors, Rock bolts, Stone Column, Micropiles.