Introduction–
Objectives and necessity for Treatment of water. Sources of water and their characteristics. Micro-organisms in natural water purification system. Drinking water quality requirements as per BIS & WHO guidelines. Sources of Water Pollution, Diseases and Control. Public Health Significance. Flow Diagram on overall water supply Project. Unit diagrams and flow charts on Water Treatment System. Suitability of Intake Structures and types.
Treatment Operations and Engineering Systems for Water Purification –
Typical treatment for ground water containing Hardness and Turbid surface water contaminated with organisms. Water Aeration process, Importance and limitations. Gas Transfer two film model: Water in Air system and Air in water system. Estimation of Solubility of Air in water with Henry’s Law. Significance of DO in Water.
Principles of Sedimentation Process and Separation of Solids. Design Criteria and design of Sedimentation tank. Type-I and Type-II Settling pattern in the removal of Discrete particles.
Coagulation and Flocculation Process –
Theory of Coagulation and Principle. Types of Coagulants used and their characteristics, Chemical reaction with water. Alkalinity Coagulation relationship. Coagulant Aids, Chemical feeding devises. Determination of Optimum Coagulant Dosage. Numerical design problems on estimation of Coagulants.
Water Treatment by Filtration Process –
Theory of Filtration and basic Principles. Classification of Filters used in treatment of water. Filters washing Technique/back wash. Operational troubles and trouble shooting.
Design criteria used and Design of Slow and Rapid Sand Filters required for water treatment plant.
Water Disinfection Process –
Disinfection methodologies and their suitability. Theory of Disinfection and characteristics of good disinfectant. Forms of Chlorination, Chemical reactions, Break point Chlorination. Measurement of Chlorine Demand and residual Chlorine. Estimation of quantity of Chlorine and Bleaching powder required for treatment of water.
Water Softening -
Hardness removal techniques, numerical problems on determination of Hardness in water sample and Studies on effects of hardness. Fluoridation and Defluoridation techniques in affected areas.