Introduction:
Environmental Pollution and Sources, types of pollution and their Global, regional and local environmental effects.
Air Pollution:
Classifications and sources of air pollutants. Secondary pollutants and formation of Photo-chemical Smog, PAN, PBN, Acid rain; Atmospheric Diffusion and Plume Behaviour, Effects of air pollutants on plants, animals and humans.
Water Pollution:
Sources of water and their contamination, causes and effects. Types of pollutants, Industrial effluentspulp and paper mills, Sugar, Distillery, Domestic wastes, Effluents from water treatment plants. Eutrophication – causes, effects and control measures.
Soil pollution:
Plants as soil pollution indicators, Formation of salts in soil, causes of soil pollution, Effects of Fungicides and weedicides on soil components and pollution. Different kinds of synthetic fertilizers (N, P, K), their toxicity and Environmental effects, control of soil pollution.
Radioactive Pollution:
Types of radiations (Alpha, Beta, Gamma), Units of radioactivity, Sources of radioactive material in environment, Biological impact and health hazards associated with radiation, control of Radioactive pollution. Fate and movement of radioactive material in environment.
Heavy Metal Pollution:
Sources of heavy metals, Accumulation of heavy metals in abiotic environment and biotic components, Bioaccumulation, Bio-magnification, Toxic effects (Lead, Mercury, Arsenic). Control measures.
Noise Pollution:
Basic properties of sound, Units, Sources of Noise Pollution, Effects of noise pollution, Measurement of sound. Measures to control noise pollution in industries - automotive type silencers, vibration isolation, damping, lagging. Protection of personnel – ear plugs, ear muffs, helmets, isolation.
Thermal pollution:
Definition and Sources, effects of thermal pollution – physical, chemical, biological, control of thermal pollution.
Oil pollution:
Introduction, sources of oil pollution, major oil spills in the world, fate and movement of oil after spillage - spreading, evaporation, emulsification, dispersion, dissolution, sedimentation, biodegradation. Effects and control of oil pollution, Remote sensing in water quality monitoring.