Course Content:
1. Develop a Diaphragm Gauge using steel diaphragm and electrical strain gauges mounted on the diaphragm to measure pressure of a gaseous source. Calibrate the gauge using a standard source of pressure. Enumerate the range of pressure measurement by such gauges and draw the calibration curves for loading and un-loading conditions.
2. Develop manometers to measure pressure of gaseous sources of the order of 1 atm to 3 atm pressure. Choose proper size of glass tube, the multiple loops of tube and various manometric fluids to achieve the pressure ranges indicated. Also conduct the sensitivity test to assess the dynamic response of this gauge.
3. Develop a diaphragm Gauge with LVDT to measure low pressures. Calibrate the instrument against a standard pressure source of means and draw the calibration curves.
4. Design a venturimeter to measure the flow rate of a fluid of specific gravity 0.85 to measure flow rate upto 2 litres per second at atmospheric temperature of 30 degree centigrade. Use standard charts for determining the coefficient of discharge of venturimeter. Suppose the differential pressure gauge used to measure the pressure difference across the throat and convergent portion has an accuracy of 0.3 % of full scale, determine the percentage error of measurement of mass flow through the venturimeter at maximum flow rate.
5. Design a rotameter to measure the flow rate of water with a maximum flowrate of 0.25 litres per second. Obtain the calibration curve for the scale fixed on the rotameter for entire range of flow. Suppose a liquid of specific gravity 0.85 used instead of water, obtain the correction factor for the same.
6. Using a hot wire anemometer obtain the mean velocity profile in the test section of a laboratory wind tunnel and measure the turbulence intensity across the depth of the test section. The work should include the critical analysis of hot wire technique for measurement of velocity including design parameters and limitations of this technique.
7. Develop a shadowgraph and Schlieren to obtain the first order and second order density variation in the flow field. Using these techniques obtain the images of two fluid flow fields such as a jet of salt water flowing into distilled water, smoke coming out a insane-stick, thermal plumes raising from hot objects etc. Critical analysis of both techniques is a must.
8. Develop Mach-Zehnder interferometer and obtain the iso-temperature contours from a heated ball losing heat to ambient by natural convection. For these fringe lines obtained in free-convection boundary layers, obtain the expression for number of fringes and related density change in the temperature field.
9. For subsonic flows through an experimental wind tunnel, develop smoke visualisation technique and obtain the flow visualisation photographs for flow past a sharp edged flat plate at various angles of attack at different wind speeds and show the regimes of flow through photographs captured. Critical analysis of the image is essential to explain the phenomena of boundary layer separation.
10. Conduct a series of test to obtain the stagnation pressure response of pitot probe in a wind tunnel for varied yaw angle of the stagnation pitot and obtain the response curve in terms of error, (percentage of velocity head) to yaw angle. Repeat the experiment for other any two different type of stagnation pitot probes of various c/s and obtain the response curves for varying yaw angle. Critical analysis of curves obtained is desired.
11. Conduct a series of test to obtain the static pressure response of pitot probe in a wind tunnel for varied yaw angle of the static pitot and obtain the response curve in terms of error, (static percentage head) to yaw angle. Repeat the experiment for other any two different types of static pitot probes of different c/s and obtain the response curves for varying yaw angle. Critical analysis of curves obtained is desired.
12. Develop a simple constantan-iron or other suitable combination of thermocouple and calibrate it at freezing point and boiling point of water and draw the calibration curves. Integrate this instrument with a computer to log-in the data of changing temperature of a source and develop a code to obtain the temperature values which would automatically take care of changing atmospheric temperature for compensation of cold junction. Obtain the time constant of this thermocouple depending on the bead diameter of the tip of the thermocouple.
13. Develop a system to measure the thermal conductivity of liquid. Use either guarded hot-plate apparatus or concentric cylinder concept for the same. Develop the equations for determining the thermal conductivity of liquids. Using this instrument measure the thermal conductivity of water, alcohol and any liquid fuel.
14. Conduct performance test on IC engine and obtain the characteristic curves of mass flow of fuel to brake power (BP) at various operating loads and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) show that for same BP and BMEP, two distinct values of mass flow of fuel is possible.
15. Conduct performance test on any IC engine and draw the conclusions on the effect of variation of load on the engine to its emission of pollution in terms of particulate matter (in case of diesel engine), CO, and NOX. Draw conclusions suitably.
16. Conduct performance test on any IC engine to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of engine for various blends of bio-fuel with petroleum fuel and draw the conclusions. Critical analysis of performance and emission is essential.
17. Establish the effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in IC engine to reduce the NOX formation. Draw the emission curves at various percentage of exhaust recirculation and also comment on the relative change in the performance of engine in terms of Brake Power.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
• Perform experiments to determine the coefficient of discharge of flow measuring devices.
• Conduct experiments on hydraulic turbines and pumps to draw characteristics.
• Test basic performance parameters of hydraulic turbines and pumps and execute the knowledge in real life situations.
• Identify exhaust emission, factors affecting them and report the remedies.
• Determine the energy flow pattern through the hydraulic machines and I C Engine
• Exhibit his competency towards preventive maintenance of IC engines.