Measurements, Measurement Systems and Standards ofMeasurement: Definition, significance of measurement,generalized measurement system, definition and concept ofaccuracy, precision, sensitivity, Calibration, threshold, hysteresis,repeatability, linearity, loading effect, system response, timedelay, errors in measurement, classification of errors. Definitionand objectives of metrology, Standard of length- Internationalprototype meter, Imperial standard yard, Wave length standard,Subdivision of standards, line and end standard, comparison,Transfer from line standard to end standard, calibration of endbars (Numerical)
Comparators and Angular Measurements: Introduction toComparator, Characteristics, Classification of Comparators,Sigma comparators, dial indicators, optical comparators,principles, ziess ultra optimeter, Electric and electroniccomparators –principles, LVDT, pneumatic comparators, backpressure gauges, solex comparators. Bevel protractor. Sineprinciple, use of sine bars, sine centre, angle gauges (numerical onbuilding of angles)
<>bTransducers, Intermediate Modifying Devices andInterferometer: Transfer efficiency, primary and secondarytransducers, Mechanical, electrical, electronic transducers,advantages of each type of transducers. Mechanical systems,inherent problems, electrical intermediate modifying devices,input circuitry, signal transmission (hydraulic transmission,magnetic transmission, electrical transmission) Clinometers.Principle of inter-ferometry, autocollimator, optical flats.
Welding Process:Definition, Principles, Classification, Application, Advantages &limitations of welding.Arc Welding: Principle, Metal Arc welding (MAW), Flux ShieldedMetal Arc Welding (FSMAW),Gas Welding: Principle, Oxy – Acetylene welding, Chemical Reactionin Gas welding, Flame characteristics. Gas torch construction &working. Forward and backward welding.Inert Gas Welding (TIG & MIG) Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) andAtomic Hydrogen Welding processes. (AHW)
Measurement of Force, Torque, and Display Devices:Principle, analytical balance, platform balance proving ring,torque measurement, types of dynamometers prony brake,Hydraulic dynamometer, Eddy current dynamometer.Mechanical, digital read out devices, ultra-violet recorders, servorecorderscathode ray oscilloscope, Oscillographs, X-Y plotters.
Resistance welding: principles, Seam welding, Butt welding, Spotwelding and projection welding.Friction welding, Explosive welding, Thermit welding, Laser weldingand Electron beam welding.Structure of welds, Formation of different zones during welding. Heataffected zone (HAZ). Parameters affecting HAZ. Effect of carboncontent on structure and properties of steel. Shrinkage in welds &Residual stresses. Concept of electrodes, Filler rod and fluxes. Weldingdefects – Detection causes & remedy.
System of Limits, Fits, Tolerance and Gauging:Definition of tolerance, Specification in assembly, Principle ofinterchangeability and selective assembly, limits of size, Indianstandards, concept of limits of size and tolerances, definition of fits, holebasis system, shaft basis system, types of fits and their designation (IS919-1963), geometric tolerance, position-tolerances.Strain Measurement, Pressure Measurement andTemperature Measurement: Strain gauge, preparation andmounting of strain gauges, gauge factor, Methods of strainmeasurement Principle, use of elastic members, bridge mangauge, Mc leod gauge, thermal conductivity gauge, (pirani gaugeand thermocouple vacuum gauge) ionization gauge, Resistancethermometers, thermocouple, law of thermocouple, thermocouplecircuits, thermocouple materials, pyrometers, optical pyrometer.
Soldering, Brazing: Parameters involved & Mechanism. DifferentTypes of Soldering & Brazing Methods.Inspection Methods: Methods used for Inspection of casting andwelding. Visual, Magnetic particle, Fluorescent particle, Ultrasonic,Radiography, Eddy current, Holography methods of Inspection.