18AU54 Automotive Fuels and Combustion syllabus for AU

Energy Sources: Exhaustible sources - crude oil, Natural gas, Inexhaustible sources - Solar energy, Wind power, Tidal Power, Geo-thermal power. Energy from Bio-gas, Synthetic fuels-Fuel Cells, Hydrogen-only a brief introduction.

Liquid Fuels: Origin of petroleum, its chemistry, normal paraffin’s, iso-paraffins, olefins, naphthalene and aromatics. Refining of petroleum: Fractional distillation, Cracking, Reforming process, Thermal reforming, polymerization, alkylation, and isomerisation. Properties and tests : Specific Gravity, viscosity, flash and fire points, calorific value, rating of fuels, vapour pressure, cloud and pour point, annealing point, diesel index, carbon residue and ash content determination.

I. C. Engine fuels: Properties and rating of fuels, chemical energy of fuels, Reaction Equation, Properties of A/F mixture, combustion temp, combustion charts, Lead free gasoline’s, low and ultra – low sulphur diesels, LPG, CNG, Alcohols, Biodiesels, Gaseous Fuel Injections, Dual Fueling and Controls – CNG and Gasoline, Hydrogen and Diesel, Alcohols and Diesels etc.

Combustion Equations: Combustion equation, conversion of gravimetric to volumetric analysis. Determination of theoretical minimum quantity of air for complete combustion. Determination of air fuel ratio for a given fuel. Numerical problems, flue gas analysis, gas Chromatograph.

Combustion in S. I. Engines: Initiation of combustion, combustion stages, flame velocities, effect of variables on ignition lag and flame propagation, normal and abnormal combustion, pre-ignition, surface ignition, detonation, theories of detonation, effects of engine variables on detonation, effects of detonation, control of detonation, features and design consideration of combustion chambers, types of combustion chambers.

Combustion in C. I. Engines: Various stages of combustion, vaporization of fuel droplets and spray formation, air motion, swirl, squish, tumble flow, velocities, diesel knock and its effect, methods of controlling diesel knock, features and design considerations of combustion chambers, types of combustion chambers.

Engine Testing and Performance: Performance parameters, Basic measurements, Measurements of Speed, Fuel consumption, air consumption, brake power and different types of dynamometers, frictional power measurement by willam’s line method, Morse test and other methods, indicated power, blow by measurement, performance maps, and heat balance and related numerical.

Dual fuel and Multi-fuel Engines: Combustion in dual fuel engines, Factor affecting combustion. Main types of gaseous fuels, Supercharge knock control & Performance of diesel fuel engines. Characteristics of multi fuel engines, Modification of fuel system, suitability of various engines as multi fuel unit, performance of multi fuel engines.

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• Explain available energy sources for internal combustion engine.
• Determine correct A/F ratio for a given fuel.
• Explain stages of combustion in S.I. & C.I. engines.
• Design SI & CI engine combustion chambers.
• Explain and differentiate between multi fuel and duel fuel engines.

Question paper pattern:

• The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
• Each full question will be for 20 marks.
• There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub- questions) from each module.

Textbook/s

1 I. C. Engines Mathur& Sharma Dhanpat Rai& Sons, New Delhi 1994

2 Fuels & Combustion S. P. Sharma & Chandra Mohan Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi 1987

Reference Books

3 Internal Combustion Engines Ganesan, V Tata McGraw Hill Book Co., 1995

4 Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals John B. Heywood McGraw Hill Book 1998

5 Internal Combustion Engine and Air Pollution Obert, E. F. International Text Book Publishers 1983