Electrocardiograph, Block Diagram Description of an Electrocardiograph, The ECG leads, Effects of Artefacts on ECG Recordings.(Text 1: 5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.3) Electroencephalograph, Block Diagram Description of an Electroencephalograph. Other Biomedical recorders. (Text 1: 5.4, 5.4.1, 5.6)
Bedside patient monitoring Systems, Measurement of Heart rate (Instantaneous heart rate meters). Measurement of Pulse rate. Blood Pressure measurement(Direct and Indirect-Korotkoff”s method,Rheographic method and Oscillometric Measurement method) Text 1: (6.3, 6.5, 6.5.2, 6.6, 6.7, 6.7.1, 6.7.2.1, 6.7.2.2, 6.7.2.4 )
Pulmonary Function Measurements:-
Respiratory Volumes, Respiratory Capacities, Compliance and Related pressures, Dynamic Respiratory Parameters. Spirometry: - Basic Spirometer, Wedge Spirometer, Ultra Sonic Spirometer. Text 1: (13.1, 13.1.1, 13.1.2, 13.1.3, 13.1.4, ,13.2, 13.2.1,13.2.2, 13.2.3) Basic Audiometer: - General requirements of Audiometers. Masking in audiometer, Pure Tone and Speech Audiometer. Audiometer System (Bekesy). Evoked response Audiometry System. Calibration of audiometers. Hearing aids-Conventional and Digital hearing aid, Cochlear Implants Text 1: (17.3, 17.3.1, 17.3.2, 17.4, 17.5, 17.6,17.6.1, 17.6.2, 17.7, 17.8, 17.9, 17.9.1, 17.9.2, 17.9.3)
Cardiac pace makers:
Need for Cardiac pace maker. Types of pace makers:-external and Implantable pacemakers. Classification codes for Pacemakers. Ventricular synchronous demand pacemaker, Programmable pacemaker. Power sources for Implantable pacemakers. Text 1: (25.1, 25.1.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.3.2, 25.3.3, 25.3.4, 25.3.7)
Cardiac defibrillators:
Need for defibrillator. DC defibrillator. Pacer-Cardioverter-defibrillator. Text 1: 26.1, 26.2, 26.4 ) Principle of surgical diathermy. Solid state electrosurgical machine. Safety aspects in electrosurgical units. Text 1: 27.1, 27.2, 27.3)
Hemodialysis Machine:
Function of the Kidneys. Changes in body fluids in renal disease. Artificial Kidney. Dialyzers: Parallel flow, coil, Hallow fibre type dialyzers. Performance analysis of dialyzers. Hemodialysis machine. (Text 1:30.1, 30.1.1, 30.2, 30.3.1, 30.3.2, 30.3.3, 30.3.4, 30.5) Heart lung machine (Cardiac assist device), Lithotripsy, Ventilator, Infant incubator. (Text 2: 13.3, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7)
Introduction to man-Instrument system.
Components of Man-Instrument system. Problems encountered in measuring a living system. Physiological effects of Electrical current. Shock Hazards from Electrical equipment’s. Methods of accident prevention. (Text 3: 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3) Precautions to minimize Electric shock hazards. Safety codes for Electromedical equipment. (Text 1: 18.2.2, 18.3)
Medical equipment maintenance:
Types of maintenance repair organization, Levels of capability, types of organization. (Text 4: 26.4, 26.5, 26.6)
Course Outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:
1. Define and analyze the ECG, EEG and BP signals.
2. Discuss the factors to be considered in the measurements ofrespiratory and audiometric signals.
3. Describe the principle and working of cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators and surgical devices.
4. Describe the principle and working of therapeutic instruments like Dialysis, heart-lung, ventilator, lithotripter and incubators.
5. Interpret the concepts involved with the measurement of man and instruments.
6. Discuss the physiological effects from electric shocksand maintenance of medical equipment’s as per standards.
Question Paper Pattern:
• The question paper will have TEN questions.
• Each full question carry 20 marks
• There will be TWO full questions (with maximum of THREE sub questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub questions covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer FIVE full questions, selecting ONE full question from each module.
Textbooks:
1. “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, R S Khandpur, 2nd edition, McGrawHill Education, 2013
2. “Medical Instrumentation, Application and Design”, John G. Webster, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons
3. “Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements”, Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell, Erich A. Pfeiffer, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 2001
4. “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology”, Joseph J Carr, John M. Brown, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.