Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, Plant and animal cells, brief mention of membrane organization. Cytosketal elements, Microtubules: structure & functions, shaping of the cells and mechanical support. Microfilaments: structure & functions. Structure of intermediate filaments. Cytoplasmic micro trabecular system (lattice). Covalent modifications of cytosketal proteins. Cytoskeletal architecture.
Mitosis and Meiosis. Structure of cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosome, Golgi bodies, Lysosomes. Endoplasmic Reticulum, Peroxisomes, Chloroplast and Vacuoles. Cell to cell integration, Cell locomotion (Amoeboid, Flagella, Cillar).Types of cell functions, cell division. Apoptosis and Ageing.
Nature of genetic material, Mendelian Laws of inheritance, monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance, law of segregation & independent assortment, Gene interactions, supplementary genes - Comb patterns in fowls, Complementary genes - Flower color in sweet peas, Epistasis- Inhibitory and colored genes in fowls, simple problems. Identification of genetic material, classical experiments- Hershey & Chase, Avery, McLeod etc., Multiple alleles and groups antigens. Numericals based on concepts.
Chromosome, Centrosome, telomere, Chemical composition of chromatin, structural organization of nucleosomes, heterochromatin. Polytene and lamp-brush chromosomes, human chromosomes. Introduction, Gene frequency, and equilibrium estimation, changes in gene frequency, inbreeding and heterosis, genetic structure of population, speciation and evolution, prospects for the control of human evolution. Spontaneous and induced mutations, Eugenics. Pedigree analysis.
The organ of heredity, chromosomes, morphology, classification. Sex determination in plants, animals XX-XY, XX-XO, ZW-ZZ, ZO-ZZ types in animals. Chromosomal disorders. Sex linked inheritance molecular diseases, hemoglobinpathies. Disorders of coagulation, Color blindness, hemophilia, Non-disjunction as a proof of chromosomal theory of inheritance, Linkage maps, crossing over. Chromosomal maps, interference coincidence.