18BT45 Biochemical Thermodynamics syllabus for BT

BASIC CONCEPTS & LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS:

System, Surrounding & Processes, Closed and Open systems, State Properties, Intensive &Extensive Properties State and Path functions, Equilibriumstate,enthalpy,specific heat,Reversible and Irreversible processes. Zeroth law of Thermodynamics, General statement of First law of Thermodynamics, First law for Cyclic Process, Non- Flow Process, Flow process, Heat capacity. Heat reservoir and Heat engines. General statements of the second law, Concept of entropy, Carnot principle, Calculation of entropy changes, Third law of Thermodynamics. Numericals.

PVT BEHAVIOUR AND COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS:

PVT Behavior of pure fluids, equations of state & ideal gas law, Processes involving ideal gas law: Constant volume, constant pressure, constant temperature, adiabatic & polytrophic processes, Equations of state for real gases: Vander Waals equation, Redlich-Kwong equation, Peng-Robinson equation, virial equation. Numericals. Principles of corresponding states, generalized compressibility charts, Heat effects accompanying chemical reactions, Standard heat of reaction, formation, combustion, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, effect of temperature on standard heat of reaction. Numericals.

PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS :

Reference properties, energy properties, derived properties, work function, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, Relationships among thermodynamic Properties: Exact differential equations, fundamental property relations, Maxwell's equations, Clapeyron equations, modified equations for internal energy (U) & enthalpy (H), Effect of temperature on U, H & Entropy (S). Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. Concept of Fugacity, Fugacity coefficient, effect of temperature and pressure on fugacity, Determination of fugacity of pure gases, solids and liquids, Activity: Effect of temperature and pressure on activity. Numericals

PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS & PHASE EQUILIBRIA:

Partial molar properties of solution and its determination , chemical potential –effect of temperature and pressure , lewis –randall rule, Raoults law for ideal solutions, fugacity in solutions, Henry's law and dilute solutions – ideal behavior of real solutions and Henry’s law, Activity in solutions, Activity coefficients – effect of temperature and pressure, Gibbs - Duhem equation, calculation of activity coefficients using Gibbs- Duhem equation. Numericals. Criteria of phase Equilibria, criterion of stability, Duhem's theorem, Vapour-Liquid Equilibra in ideal and non-Ideal solutions, Azeotropes. Numericals.

BIOCHEMICAL ENERGETICS:

Coupled reactions and energy rise compounds, Reaction Stoichiometry, criteria of biochemical reaction equilibrium, equilibrium constant and standard free energy change, effect of temperature, pressure on equilibrium constants and other- factors affecting equilibrium conversion – Le – chatelier’s principle, liquid phase reactions, heterogeneous bioreactionequilibria, phase rule for reacting systems, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium diagrams. Numericals.

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• Describe the concepts of system, surrounding, process, laws of thermodynamics & entropy.
• Explain the PVT behaviour of pure fluids & gases & derive equations of state for real gases.
• Distinguish between work function, Gibbs free energy · Determine the partial molar properties, activity coefficients of the solution.
• Illustrate the phase rule for reacting systems and effect of temperature, pressure on equilibrium constants

Question paper pattern:

• The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
• Each full question will be for 20 marks.
• There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub- questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub- question covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

Textbook/s

1 Introduction to Chemical Engineering thermodynamics J.M. Smith , H.C. Van Ness &M.M.Abbott MGH. 6th Ed (2003)

2 Biochemical Calculations Irwin H.Segel John Wiley & Sons 2nd Ed,( 1976)

3 Engineering Thermodynamics R K Singal, MridualSingal I K Intl. 2010

Reference Books

1 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Y.V.C. Rao New Age International 1997

2 A Textbook of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics K.V. Narayanan PHI 1st Ed (2001)