18BT46 Clinical Biochemistry syllabus for BT

METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS:

Glycolysis–metabolism. Aerobic and anaerobic pathway and regulation, TCA cycle, NADPH Cycle, Glyoxylate cycle, Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, energy balance sheet. Gluconeogenesis – regulation of gluconeogenesis. Biosynthesis of polysaccharides. Biosynthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, glycolipids. Biodegradation of triglycerides and fatty acids.

DISORDERS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Diabetes mellitus, glycohemoglobins, hypo-glycemias, galactosemia and ketone bodies. Various types of glucose tolerance tests. Glycogen storage diseases. Physiology of lipids/lipoproteins. Lipidosis. Clinical interrelationships of lipids (sphingolipidosis and multiple sclerosis), lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Diagnostic tests for HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride disorders.

METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS:

Biosynthesis and catabolism of essential amino acids: Lysine, Phenylalanine and Glutamine. Deamination, transamination and urea cycle. Metabolism and regulation of Purines, pyrimidine and precursors of nucleic acids (nucleosides & nucleotides).

DISORDERS OF AMINO ACIDS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS METABOLISM AND HORMONAL DISTURBANCES:

a) Disorders of amino acid metabolism - Phenylalanemia, homocystinuria, tyrosinemia, MSUD, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, albinism and animoacidurias.

b) Disorders of nucleic acid metabolism- Disorders in purine/ pyrimidine metabolism.

c) Protein hormones (anterior pituitary hormones, posterior pituitary hormones), steroid hormones, adrenocorticosteroids, and reproductive endocrinology. Disturbances in thyroid function.

DISORDERS OF ACID-BASE BALANCE AND THEIR RESPIRATORY AND RENAL MECHANISMS:

Evaluation of organ function tests, Assessment and clinical manifestations of renal, hepatic, pancreatic, gastric and intestinal functions. Clinical importance of bilirubin. Diagnostic enzymes: Principles of diagnostic enzymology. Clinical significance of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase. Enzyme tests in determination of myocardial infarction. Enzymes of pancreatic origin and biliary tract.

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• Understand the basic metabolic pathways it’s energetics and regulations of biomolecules.
• Discuss the biochemistry and pathophysiology associated with metabolism.
• Apply the theoretical concepts of biochemistry in diagnosis of biological samples.
• Assess the clinical manifestations of various metabolic disorders.

Question paper pattern:

• The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
• Each full question will be for 20 marks.
• There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub- questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub- question covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

Textbook/s

1 Clinical Biochemistry Allan Gaw, Michael Murphy, Robert Cowan, Denis O'Reilly, Michael Stewart and James Shepherd Churchill Livingstone 4thEdn., 2008

2 Medical biochemistry N V Bhagavan Academic Press 4thEdn., 2001

Reference Books

3 Lecture Notes: Clinical Biochemistry Geoffrey Beckett, Simon Walker, Peter Rae, Peter Ashby John Wiley & Sons 7th Edn, 2010

4 Textbook of Medical Biochemistry MN Chatterjea and RanaShinde Jaypee Brothers Eighth Edition 2011

5 Clinical Biochemistry Richard Luxton Scion Publishing Ltd. Second edition 2008