18BT53 Enzyme Technology & Biotransformation syllabus for BT

INTRODUCTION :

Introduction to enzymes, Classification, Sources, Strategies of purification of enzymes, molecular weight determination, Mechanism of enzyme catalysis (Acid-base, Covalent, Metal ion catalysis, Substrate strain & entropy effects), criteria of purity and characterization of enzymes. Advantages of Biocatalyst vs Chemical catalysts, Isolated Enzymes versus whole cell systems, Application of enzymes in different industry

ENZYME ASSAY AND CO- ENZYMES:

Enzyme and isoenzyme measurement methods with two examples (fixed incubation and kinetic methods); Enzymes in immunoassay techniques, Methods for investigating the kinetics of Enzyme catalyzed reactions – Initial velocity studies, rapid-reaction techniques. Standardization and optimization methods, stability of enzymes. Mechanism of coenzymes (NAD/NADP, FAD/FADH2, PLP, Coenzyme A, TPP, Biotin).

ENZYMATIC TECHNIQUES :

Techniques of enzyme immobilization; kinetics of immobilized enzymes, effect of solute, partition & diffusion on the kinetics of immobilized enzymes, design and configuration of immobilized enzyme reactors; applications of immobilized enzyme technology, Economic argument for immobilization. Biocatalysts from extremophiles microorganisms (extremozymes) and their applications

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE :

The design and construction of novel enzymes, artificial enzymes, Host Guest Complexation chemistry and enzyme design using steroid templates. In vitro Biotransformation of drugs (hydroxylation of Steroids), Therapeutic enzymes, Acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and Inhibitors, HMG Co A reductase inhibitors, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), Immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) and amylase isoenzymes.

APPLICATIONS :

Importance of enzymes in diagnostics, Enzyme pattern in diseases like Myocardial infarctions (SGOT, SGPT & LDH). Isoenzymes (CK, LD, ALP). Use of isozymes as markers in cancer and other diseases. Enzymes used in detergents, use of proteases in food, leather and wool industries; methods involved in production of glucose syrup from starch (using starch hydrolyzing enzymes), production of maltose and sucrose, glucose from cellulose, uses of lactase in dairy industry, glucose oxidase and catalase in food industry;

Course outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• Define enzymes and its catalytic action, mechanism & kinetics with few examples.
• Explain the various techniques involved in the extraction and utilization of enzymes in biotransformation.

Question paper pattern:

• The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
• Each full question will be for 20 marks.
• There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub- questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub- question covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

Textbook/s

1 Enzyme Technology Martin Chaplin and Christopher Bucke Cambridge University Press 1990

2 Enzymes Dixon and Webb Academic Press 2nd Edition 1964 3 Principles of Enzymology for technological Applications Butterworth Heinemann Oxford University Press 1993

Reference Books

1 Purifying Proteins for Proteomics Richard J Simpson IK International 2003

2 Fundaments of Enzymology Prices and Stevens Oxford Press. Third Edition, 1999

3 Enzymes in Industry: Production and Applications W. Gerhartz Wiley- VCH Publishers 3rd Edition 2007