18CH33 Momentum Transfer syllabus for CH

FLUID STATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS:

Concept of unit operations, Concept of momentum transfer, Nature of fluids and pressure concept, variation of pressure with height – hydrostatic equilibrium, Barometric equation, Measurement of fluid pressure – manometers, Continuous gravity decanter, Centrifugal decanter.

FLUID FLOW PHENOMENA:

Type of fluids – shear stress and velocity gradient relation, Newtonian and Non- Newtonian fluids, Viscosity of gases and liquids. Types of flow – laminar and turbulent flow, Reynolds stress, Eddy viscosity. Flow in boundary layers, Reynolds number, and Boundary layer separation and wake formation.

BASIC EQUATIONS OF FLUID FLOW:

Average velocity, Mass velocity, Continuity equation, Euler and Bernoulli equations Modified equations for real fluids with correction factors, Pump work in Bernoulli equation, Angular momentum equation.

FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS IN CONDUITS AND THIN LAYERS:

Laminar flow through circular and non-circular conduits, Hagen Poiseuille equation, Laminar flow of Non- Newtonian liquids, Turbulent flow in pipes and closed channels.

FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS IN CONDUITS AND THIN LAYERS:

Friction factor chart, friction from changes in velocity or direction, Form friction losses in Bernoulli equation, Flow of fluids in thin layers.

FLOW OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS:

Continuity equation, Concept of Mach number, Total energy balance, Velocity of sound, Ideal gas equations, Flow through variable-area conduits, Adiabatic frictional flow, Isothermal frictional flow (elementary treatment only).

TRANSPORTATION AND METERING OF FLUIDS:

Pipes, Fittings and valves, Measurement of fluid and gas flow rates by orifice meter, rotameter and pitot tube, Elementary concept of target meter, vortex-shedding meters, turbine meters, positive displacement meters, magnetic meters, coriolis meters and thermal meters, Flow through open channel-weirs and notches.

PUMPS:

Performance and Characteristics of pumps-positive displacement and centrifugal pumps, Fans, compressors, and blowers.

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS:

Dimensional homogeneity, Rayleigh’s and Buckingham Π- methods, Significance of different dimensionless numbers, Elementary treatment of similitude between model and prototype.

Course Outcomes:

On completion of this course the students will be able to

• Recall the concepts of fluid statics and dynamics and able to measure pressure difference.
• Explain the fundamental equations of fluid flow.
• Understand the various equations for incompressible and compressible fluids in conduits.
• Demonstrate the knowledge of fluid flow principles in various types of flow measurements, transportation and metering equipment of fluids using experimental techniques and applications to industry.
• Develop functional relationships using dimensional analysis and similitude to solve technical problems.
• Design appropriate flow systems and flow measuring instruments.

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN:

• The question paper will have ten questions.
• Each full Question consisting of 20 marks
• There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub questions covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. McCabe, W.L., et.al., “Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering”, 5thedn., McGraw Hill, New York 1993

2. Kumar K.L., “Engineering Fluid Mechanics”, Eurasia Publishing House (p) Ltd., New Delhi, 3rdedn. 1984

3. Dr R K Bansal., “A Text Book of Fluid Mechanics” 1stedn., Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi. 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Coulson J.H. and Richardson J.F., “Chemical Engineering”, Vol-I, 5thedn., Asian Books (p) Ltd., New Delhi, 1998

2. Badger W.L. and Banchero J.T., “Introduction to Chemical Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill, New York, 1997