Electronic Circuits:
Power Supplies –
Block diagram, Rectifiers, Reservoir and smoothing circuits, Full-wave rectifiers, Bi-phase rectifier circuits, Bridge rectifier circuits, Voltage regulators, Output resistance and voltage regulation, Voltage multipliers.
Amplifiers –
Types of amplifiers, Gain, Input and output resistance, Frequency response, Bandwidth, Phase shift, Negative feedback, Multi-stage amplifiers.
Operational amplifiers -
Operational amplifier parameters, Operational amplifier characteristics, Operational amplifier configurations, Operational amplifier circuits.
Oscillators –
Positive feedback, Conditions for oscillation, Ladder network oscillator, Wein bridge oscillator, Multivibrators, Single-stage astable oscillator, Crystal controlled oscillators. (Only Concepts, working, and waveforms. No mathematical derivations)
Text 1: Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9
Logic Circuits –
Logic gates, Bistables, R-S Bistables, D-type Bistables, J-K Bistables.
Text 1: Chapter 10
Data representation, Data types, Data storage, A microcontroller system. Text 1: Chapter 11 Realization using basic gates and truth table the Half Adder (Text 4: Fig.11.11) and Full Adder (Text 4: Table 11.5 & Fig. 11.13), Multiplexer (Text 4: 10.5.3) and decoder (Text 4: 10.5.4). Shift registers, Register type – operation and truth table (Text 4: 13.2, 13.3), Counters and asynchronous counters (Text 4: 13.5, 13.6)
Text 4: Fig. 11.11, Fig. 11.13, 10.5.3, 10.5.4, 13.2, 13.3, 13.5, 13.6
Embedded Systems –
Definition, Embedded systems vs general computing systems, Classification of Embedded Systems, Major application areas of Embedded Systems, Elements of an Embedded System, Core of the Embedded System, Microprocessor vs Microcontroller, RISC vs CISC, Harvard vs Von-Neumann. Text 2: 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, Fig. 2.1, 2.1, 2.1.1.4, 2.1.1.6, 2.1.1.7.
Sensors and Interfacing –
Instrumentation and control systems, Transducers, Sensors.
Text 1: Chapter 15
Actuators, LED, 7-Segment LED Display, Stepper Motor, Relay, Piezo Buzzer, Push Button Switch, Keyboard. Text 2: 2.3.2, 2.3.3.1 to 2.3.3.8 except 2.3.3.3
Communication Interface,
UART, Parallel Interface, USB, Wi-Fi, GPRS. Text 2: 2.4, 2.4.1.3, 2.4.1.5, 2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.6, 2.4.2.8.
Analog and Digital Communication –
Modern communication system scheme, Information source, and input transducer, Transmitter, Channel or Medium – Hardwired and Softwired, Noise, Receiver, Multiplexing, Types of communication systems. Text 3: 1.2, 1.2.1, 1.3, 1.4 – 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.5, 1.5.2, 1.6, 1.14, 1.15
From Summary portion of Chapter 1 of Text 3:
Types of modulation (only concepts) – AM (only 2.2, no 2.2.1 and rest), FM, Phase Modulation, Pulse Modulation, PAM (Fig. 6.5b), PWM (Fig. 6.8), PPM, PCM. Concept of Radio wave propagation (Ground, space, sky with Fig. 1.28)
From Summary portion of Chapter 6 – Digital Communication of Text 3:
Concepts of Sampling theorem, Nyquist rate, Digital Modulation Schemes (also see 6.12) – ASK, FSK, PSK
Radio signal transmission – Text 3: 6A.1.1, Fig. 6A.1, Fig. 6A.3
Multiple access techniques – Text 3: 6A.1.4, 6A.1.5
Multipath and fading – Text 3: 6A.2.1 Error Management – Text 3: 6A.3.1, 6A.3.2
Antenna, Types of antennas – Text 3: 13.1, 13.3 (only definition and antenna model, exclude radiation patterns).
Cellular Wireless Networks -
Introduction, cellular telephone system, cellular concept and frequency reuse. Text 3: 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Wireless Network Topologies -
First Generation (1G) Technology, Second Generation (2G) Technology, GSM Communications, GSM System architecture, Third Generation (3G) Technology, CDMA Technology, High-level architecture of LTE, Fourth Generation (4G) Technology, Wireless LAN, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Architecture. Text 3: 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.7.2, 8.9, 8.10, 8.12, 8.15, 8.16, 8.17, 8.17.1
Satellite Communication –
Elements of Satellite Communication, Types of satellites – GEO, LEO, MEO. Text 3: 9.1, 9.4, 9.12 - 9.12.1, 9.12.2, 9.12.3
Optical Fiber Communication -
A fiber optic Communication system. Text 3: 10.15 – 10.15.1 to 10.15.9
Microwave Communication –
Introduction, Frequency modulated microwave communication system. Text 3: 11.1, 11.7.1
Course outcomes (Course Skill Set):
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Describe the concepts of electronic circuits encompassing power supplies, amplifiers and oscillators.
2. Present the basics of digital logic engineering including data representation, circuits and the microcontroller system with associated sensors and actuators.
3. Discuss the characteristics and technological advances of embedded systems.
4. Relate to the fundamentals of communication engineering spanning from the frequency spectrum to the various circuits involved including antennas.
5. Explain the different modes of communications from wired to wireless and the computing involved.
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)
The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE) is 50%. The minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks). A student shall be deemed to have satisfied the academic requirements and earned the credits allotted to each subject/ course if the student secures not less than 35% ( 18 Marks out of 50)in the semester-end examination(SEE), and a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE):
Proposed Activities to be carried out for 10 marks of CIE: Students should construct and make the demo of the following circuits in a group of 3/4 students:
1. +5V power supply unit using Bridge rectifier, capacitor filter, and IC 7805.
2. To switch on/off an LED using a diode in forwarding / reverse bias using a battery cell.
3. Transistor switch circuit to operate a relay that switched off/on an LED.
4. IC 741 Integrator circuit / comparator circuit.
5. To operate a small loudspeaker by generating oscillations using IC 555.
Note: Following experiments to be executed using Multisim/Pspice/EDA/Proteus or any suitable Software.
Using suitable simulation software, demonstrate the operation of the following circuits:
1. Half / full-wave rectifier using diodes
2. Voltage multipliers
3. Op-amp circuits – inverting, non-inverting amplifiers, summers, differentiators, oscillators.
4. Flip-flops – all types
5. Shift registers and counters
6. AM and FM modulation and demodulation
The CIE marks awarded in the case of Laboratory shall be based on the weekly evaluation of laboratory journals/ reports after the conduction of every experiment and one/ two practical test(s).
Semester End Examination:
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for the subject (duration 03 hours)
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a maximum of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each modulewill be uestions, selecting one full question from each module.
Suggested Learning Resources:
Text Books:
1. Mike Tooley, ‘Electronic Circuits, Fundamentals & Applications’, 4 th Edition, Elsevier, 2015. DOI https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315737980. eBook ISBN9781315737980
2. K V Shibu, ‘Introduction to Embedded Systems’, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Education (India), Private Limited, 2016.
3. S L Kakani and Priyanka Punglia, ‘Communication Systems’, New Age International Publisher, 2017. https://elib4u.ipublishcentral.com/pdfreader/communication-systems
4. D P Kothari, I J Nagrath, ‘Basic Electronics’, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill Education (India), Private Limited, 2018.
Note: E-book versions are available at ‘https://www.knimbus.com/’ of the VTU consortium. Remote login available through respective college IDs.