1.1 Definition of open channels, 1.2 classification, 1.3 difference between pipe flow & open channel flow, 1.4 types of flow, 1.5 Geometric properties of open channels. 1.6 Uniform flow in open channels, 1.7 Chezy’s and Manning’s formulae. 1.8 Problems on uniform flow, Most economical open channels. 1.9 Derivation of conditions for rectangle, triangle and trapezoidal sections, Problems on most economical sections, Most economical circular channels derivations and problems
FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS 2.1 Specific energy, definitions, specific energy curve, conditions for minimum specific energy and maximum discharge, 2.2 Critical flow in rectangular channels, problems, 2.3 Hydraulic jump in rectangular channels, derivations with Froude number concept, 2.4 Problems on Hydraulic Jump, venturi flume. WATER HAMMER IN PIPES 2.5 Definition, Equation for pressure rise due to gradual closure of valves. 2.6 Equation for pressure due to sudden closure of valves in rigid & Elastic pipes, problems, 2.7 Surge tanks, their functions & types.
1.1 Introduction to Dimensional Analysis, units & dimensions, table of Dimensions, 3.2 Dimensional Homogeneity, 3.3 Methods of Analysis (Raleigh’s & Buckingham’s method, 3.4 Problems on Raleigh’s & Buckingham’s methods, 3.5 Model Studies, Introduction, comparison with Dimensional Analysis, 3.6 Similitude, Dimensionless parameters. 3.7 Types of models, 3.8 Froude’s models theory & problems, 3.9 Reynold’s models, Theory problems, Scale effects
4.1 Introduction to Impulse – momentum equation and its applications, 4.2 Force exerted by a jet on a fixed target, Derivations, 4.3 Force exerted by a Jet on a moving target, Derivations.
IMPACT OF JET ON CURVED VANES Continued.... 5.1 Force exerted by a jet on a series of curved vanes, 5.2 Concept of velocity triangles, 5.3 Equation for work done & efficiency, 5.4 Problems o force exerted by a Jet on a series of curved valves HYDRAULIC TURBINES (Impulse turbines) 5.5 Introduction, Types and classifications, 5.6 Pelton Wheel, theory, equation for work done and efficiency, design parameters, 5.7 Problems on Pelton Wheel.
6.1 Francis Turbine – Theory, equation for work done and efficiency, design parameters, 6.2 Problems on Francis turbine, 6.3 Kaplan turbine – Theory, equation for work done & efficiency, Design parameters, 6.4 Problems on Kaplan turbine
6.5 Draft tubes: types, Equation for efficiency problems, 6.6 Cavitations in turbines, Governing of turbines, Governing of turbines, 6.7 Specific speed of a turbine, Equation for the specific speed, problems, 6.8 Unit quantities of a turbine, definitions, equations and problems, 6.9 Characteristics curves of a turbine, general layout of an hydroelectric plant.
8.1 Definition of pump, classification, 8.2 Description & general principle of working, priming & methods, 8.3 Work done & efficiencies of a centrifugal pump, 8.4 Minimum starting speed, 8.5 cavitation in centrifugal pumps, 8.6 Multistage pumps, 8.7 Problems on Centrifugal pumps