Ground Improvement: Definition, Objectives of soil improvement, Classification of ground improvement techniques, Factors to be considered in the selection of the best soil improvement technique. 4 Hours Mechanical Modification: Type of mechanical modification, Aim of modification, compaction, Principle of modification for various types of soils. 2 Hours
Effect of grain size distribution on compaction for various soil types like BC soil, lateritic soil, coarse-grained soil, micaceous soil. Effect of compaction on engineering behavriour like compressibility, swelling and shrinkage, permeability, relative density, liquefaction potential. Field compaction – static, dynamic, impact and vibratory type.. Specification of compaction. Tolerance of compaction. Shallow and deep compaction.
Definition, aim, principle, techniques. gravity drain, lowering of water table, multistage well point, vacuum dewatering. Discharge equations. Design of dewatering system including pipe line effects of dewatering.
Drainage of slopes., preloading, vertical drains, sand drains. Assessment of ground condition for preloading, Electro kinetic dewatering.
Definition, aim, special effects, and methods. Techniques – sandwich technique, admixtures, cement stabilization. Hydration – effect of cement stabilization on permeability, Swelling and shrinkage. Criteria for cement stabilization. Stabilization using Fly ash.
Lime stabilization – suitability, process, special effects, criteria for lime stabilization. Other chemicals, chlorides, hydroxides, lignin, hydrofluoric acid. Properties of chemical components, reactions and effects. Bitumen, tar or asphalt in stabilization.
Introduction, Effect of grouting. Chemicals and materials used. Types of grouting. . Grouting procedure. . Applications of grouting.
Introduction, Soil reinforcement. Thermal methods.. Ground improvement by confinement – Crib walls, Gabions and Mattresses. Anchors, Rock bolts and soil nailing.