Importance. Vertical distribution of sub-surface water. Occurrence in different types of rocks and soils. Definition of aquifer, Aquifuge, Aquitard and Aquiclude. Confined and unconfined aquifers.
Aquifer parameters – Specific yield, Specific retention, Porosity, Storage coefficient, derivation of the expression. Determination of specific yield. Land subsidence due to ground water withdrawals.
Introduction. Darcy’s law. Hydraulic conductivity. Coefficient of permeability and Intrinsic permeability, Transmissibility, Permeability in Isotropic, Unisotropic layered soils. Steady one dimensional flow, different cases with recharge.
Introduction.Steady radial flow in confined and unconfined aquifers.Pumping tests.
Introduction. General equation derivation; Theis method, Cooper and JaCob method, Chow’s method. Solution of unsteady flow equations.
Types of wells. Methods of constructions. Tube well design. Dug wells. Pumps for lifting water: Working principles, Power requirements.
Seismic method, Electrical resistivity method, Bore hole geo-physical techniques; Electrical logging, Radio active logging, Induction logging, Sonic logging and Fluid logging.
Recharge by vertical leakage. Artificial recharge. Ground water runoff. Ground water budget.