Introduction, General, basic mechanism of reinforced earth. Soil or fill-matrics, reinforcement bars, Metallic strips, Metallic grids, Facing Elements, concrete panel facing etc.
Introduction, Historical background, Principles of reinforced earth, Effect of reinforcement of soil. Mechanism of reinforced earth, Anchors, Tiebacks, Economic advantage of reinforced earth structure over similar structures.
Introduction, Internal and overall stability, Reinforced earth dams, slopes, Reinforced Earth foundation, typical design of retaining walls and embankments.
Introduction, Advantages & limitations of soil nailing techniques, comparison of soil nailing with reinforced soil, methods of soil nailing, -construction sequence components of system, design aspects.
Introduction and overview. Historical developments, Recent developments. Classification based on materials. Geosynthetics – geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, geocomposites, geonets and other products, geomats, geomeshes, geowebs etc.
Methods of manufacturing process. Raw materials – polypropylene (polyolefin), Polyethylene (Polyoefin), Polyester, Polyvinyl chloride, Elastomers etc, Testing & Evaluation- Hydrodynamic sieving test, Permeability test, Transmissivity test, Geotextile-Soil Filtration test etc,.
General, soil stabilization, reinforced soil, soil nailing, texsol, ply soil, comparison of ply soil with reinforced soil and soil nailing, types of fibers – synthetic fibers, natural fibers, plant roots, direction of placements.
Introduction, General, Reinforcement, Drainage, Filtration, Seperation, Jacketing, Erosion control and Slope protection, Advantages & elimitations, Applications of soil nailing techniques.