15CV34 Basic Surveying syllabus for CV

Introduction:
Definition of surveying, Objectives and importance ofsurveying. Classification of surveys. Principles ofsurveying. Units of measurements, Surveyingmeasurements and errors, types of errors, precisionand accuracy. Classification of maps, map scale,conventional symbols, topographic maps, maplayout, Survey of India Map numbering systems.
Measurement of Horizontal Distances:
Measuring tape and types. Measurement usingtapes, Taping on level ground and sloping ground.Errors and corrections in tape measurements,ranging of lines, direct and indirect methods ofranging, Electronic distance measurement, basicprinciple. Booking of tape survey work, Field book,entries, Conventional symbols, Obstacles in tapesurvey, Numerical problems.

Measurement of Directions and Angles:Compass survey:
Basic definitions; meridians, bearings, magnetic andTrue bearings. Prismatic and surveyor’s compasses,temporary adjustments, declination. Quadrantalbearings, whole circle bearings, local attraction andrelated problems
Theodolite Survey and Instrument Adjustment:
Theodolite and types, Fundamental axes and parts ofTransit theodolite, uses of theodolite, Temporaryadjustments of transit theodolite, measurement ofhorizontal and vertical angles, step by step procedurefor obtaining permanent adjustment of Transittheodolite

Traversing:
Traverse Survey and Computations: Latitudes anddepartures, rectangular coordinates, Traverseadjustments, Bowditch rule and transit rule,Numerical Problems
Tacheometry:
basic principle, types of tacheometry, distanceequation for horizontal and inclined line of sight infixed hair method, problems

Basic terms and definitions, Methods of leveling,Dumpy level, auto level, digital and laser levels.Curvature and refraction corrections. Booking andreduction of levels.Differential leveling, profile leveling, fly leveling, checkleveling, reciprocal leveling, trigonometric leveling(heights and distances-single plane and double planemethods.

Areas and Volumes:
Measurement of area – by dividing the area intogeometrical figures, area from offsets, mid ordinaterule, trapezoidal and Simpson’s one third rule, areafrom co-ordinates, introduction to planimeter, digitalplanimeter. Measurement of volumes-trapezoidal andprismoidal formula.
Contouring
Contours, Methods of contouring, Interpolation ofcontours, contour gradient, characteristics ofcontours and uses.