Introduction:Application of Earth Science in Civil EngineeringPractices, Understanding the earth, internalstructure and composition.Mineralogy:Mineral properties, composition and their use in themanufacture of construction materials - QuartzGroup (Glass); Feldspar Group (Ceramic wares andFlooring tiles); Kaolin (Paper, paint and textile);Asbestos (AC sheets); Carbonate Group ( Cement) ;Gypsum (POP, gypsum sheets, cement); Mica Group(Electrical industries); Ore minerals - Iron ores(Steel); Chromite (Alloy); Bauxite (aluminum);Chalcopyrite (copper)
Formation, Classification and EngineeringProperties. Rock as construction material, concreteaggregate, railway ballast, roofing, flooring, claddingand foundation. Deformation of rocks, Developmentof Joints, Folds, Faults and Unconformities. Theirimpact in the selection of sites for Dams, Reservoirs,Tunnels, Highways and Bridges, Rock QualityDetermination (RQD), Rock Structure Rating (RSR),:Igneous Rocks - Granite, Gabbro, Dolerite, Basalt;Sedimentary rocks - Sandstone, Shale, Limestone,Laterite; Metamorphic rocks - Gneiss, Quartzite,Slate, Charnockite: Decorative stones - Porphyries,Marble and Quartzite.
Landforms – Classification, Rock weathering, typesand its effects on Civil Engineering Projects. Study ofGeo-morphological aspects in the selection of sites forDams, Reservoirs, Tunnels, Highways and Bridges.Watershed management, Floods and their control,River valley, Drainage pattern – parameters anddevelopment; Coastlines and their engineeringconsiderations.Earthquake - Causes and Effects,, Seismic waves,Engineering problems related to Earthquakes,Earthquake intensity, Richter Scale, Seismograph,Seismic zones- World and India, Tsunami – causesand effects. Early warning system. Reservoir InducedSeismicity; Landslides – causes and their control.
Hydrological cycle, Occurrence of Groundwater indifferent terrains -Weathered, Hard and Stratifiedrocks; Determination of Quality aspects - SAR, RSCand TH of Groundwater. Groundwater Pollution,Groundwater Exploration- Electrical Resistivity andSeismic methods, Resistivity curves, Water BearingFormations, Aquifer types and parameters -Porosity, Specific yield and retention, Permeability,Transmissibility and Storage Coefficient. Springs andArtesian Wells, Artificial Recharging of Groundwater,Sea water intrusion and remedies.
Study of Topographic maps and Contour maps;Remote Sensing – Concept, Application and itsLimitations; Geographic Information System (GIS)and Global Positioning System (GPS) – Concept andtheir use resource mapping. LANDSAT Imagery –Definition and its use. Impact of Mining, Quarryingand Reservoirs on Environment. Natural Disastersand their mitigation.