21CV42 Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics syllabus for CV

Fluids and their properties, Fluid pressure measurements, Pascal’s law, Measurement of pressure using manometer, Total pressure and centre of pressure on vertical and inclined plane surfaces

Kinematics-

Types of fluid flow, continuity equation in Cartesian coordinates, flow nets, Dynamics- Euler’s equation of motion, Bernoulli’s equation, Application-Venturimeter, Orificemeter, Pitot tube

Classification of orifice and mouth piece, Hydraulic coefficients, Discharge over Rectangular, Triangular and Cipoletti notch Flow through pipes-Major and minor losses, pipes in series and parallel, concepts of water hammer and surge tanks

Open Channel Hydraulics-

Classification of Flow through channels, Most economical channel sections: Rectangular, Triangular, Circular, Uniform flow, Specific energy Non-Uniform flow- Hydraulic jump, GVF equation

Impact of jet on curved vanes ,momentum equation, Impact of jet on stationary and moving curved vanes Turbines- Pelton wheel and components, Velocity triangle Reaction turbine-Francis turbine ,Working proportions Centrifugal Pumps-Work done and efficiency, Multi stage pumps

Course outcome (Course Skill Set)

At the end of the course the student will be able to :

1. Understand fundamental properties of fluids and solve problems on Hydrostatics

2. Apply Principles of Mathematics to represent Kinematics and Bernoulli’s principles

3. Compute discharge through pipes, notches and weirs

4. Design of open channels of various cross sections

5. Design of turbines for the given data and understand their operation characteristics

PRACTICAL COMPONENT OF IPCC

Experiments

1 Verification of Bernoulli’s equation

2 Determination of Cd for Venturimeter or Orificemeter

3 Determination of Hydraulic coefficients of small vertical orifice

4 Calibration of Triangular notch

5 Determination of Major losses in pipes

6 Determination of Cd for ogee or broad crested weir

7 Determination of force exerted by a jet on flat and curved vanes

8 Determination of efficiency of centrifugal pump

9 Determination of efficiency of Kaplan or Francis turbine

10 Determination of efficiency of Pelton wheel turbine

Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)

• The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE) is 50%.
• The minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks out of 50) and for the SEE minimum passing mark is 35% of the maximum marks (18 out of 50 marks).
• The student is declared as a pass in the course if he/she secures a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together.

CIE for the theory component of the IPCC

Two Tests each of 20 Marks (duration 01 hour)

• First test after covering 40-45 % of the syllabus
• Second test after covering 85-95% of the syllabus

Two assignments each of 10 Marks

• First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester
• Second assignment at the end of the 9th week of the semester Scaled-down marks of the average of two tests and other assessment methods will be CIE marks for the theory component of IPCC for 30 marks.

CIE for the practical component of IPCC

• On completion of every experiment/program in the laboratory, the students shall be evaluated and marks shall be awarded on the same day. The 15 marks are for conducting the experiment and preparation of the laboratory record, the other 05 marks shall be for the test conducted at the end of the semester.
• The CIE marks awarded in the case of the Practical component shall be based on the continuous evaluation of the laboratory report. Each experiment report can be evaluated for 10 marks. Marks of all experiments’ write-ups are added and scaled down to 15 marks.
• The laboratory test (duration 02/03 hours) at the end of the 15th week of the semester /after completion of all the experiments (whichever is early) shall be conducted for 50 marks and scaled down to 05 marks.

Scaled-down marks of write-up evaluations and tests added will be CIE marks for the laboratory component of IPCC for 20 marks.

SEE for IPCC

Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for the course (duration 03 hours)

5. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.

6. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a maximum of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.

7. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

8. Marks scored shall be proportionally scaled down to 50 Marks.

The theory portion of the IPCC shall be for both CIE and SEE, whereas the practical portion will have a CIE component only. Questions mentioned in the SEE paper shall include questions from the practical component).

• The minimum marks to be secured in CIE to appear for SEE shall be 12 (40% of maximum marks30) in the theory component and 08 (40% of maximum marks -20) in the practical component. The laboratory component of the IPCC shall be for CIE only. However, in SEE, the questions from the laboratory component shall be included.
• The maximum of 04/05 questions is to be set from the practical component of IPCC, the total marks of all questions should not be more than 20 marks.
• SEE will be conducted for 100 marks and students shall secure 35% of the maximum marks to qualify for the SEE. Marks secured will be scaled down to 50.
• The student is declared as a pass in the course if he/she secures a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together.

Suggested Learning Resources:

Text Books:

1. P.N.Modi and S.M.Seth-Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, including Hydraulic machines, standard Book House, New Delhi

2. K Subramanya- Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, Tata McGrawhill, New Delhi

3. R.K. Bansal- A text book of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines- Laxmi Publications ,New Delhi

Reference books

1. Victor L. Streeter, Benjamin Wyile E and Keith W. Bedford- Fluid Mechanics ,Tata McGraw Hill publishing Co Ltd,New Delhi

2. J.F.Douglas,J .M .Gasoreik, John Warfield ,Lynne Jack – Fluid Mechanics ,Pearson ,Fifth edition.

3. K.Subramanya- Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, Problems and Solutions, Tata McGrawhill, New Delhi

4. S.K SOM and G.Biswas – “ introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines, Tata Mcg raw Hill, New Delhi