Historical background, The microprocessor-based personal computer system, 8086 CPU Architecture, Machine language instructions, Instruction execution timing.
Assembler instruction format, data transfer and arithmetic, branch type, loop, NOP & HALT, flag manipulation, logical and shift and rotate instructions. Illustration of these instructions with example programs, Directives and operators.
String instructions, REP Prefix,Table translation, Number format conversions, Procedures, Macros, Programming using keyboard and video display.
8086 Interrupts and interrupt responses, Hardware interrupt applications, Software interrupt applications, Interrupt examples.
Interfacing microprocessor to keyboard (keyboard types, keyboard circuit connections and interfacing, software keyboard interfacing, keyboard interfacing with hardware), Interfacing to alphanumeric displays (interfacing LED displays to microcomputer), Interfacing a microcomputer to a stepper motor.
Coprocessor configurations, The 8087 numeric data processor: data types, processor architecture, instruction set and examples.
Basic 8086 configurations: minimum mode, maximum mode, Bus Interface: peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, the parallel printer interface (LPT), the universal serial bus (USB)
Introduction to the 80386 microprocessor, Special 80386 registers, Introduction to the 80486 microprocessor, Introduction to the Pentium microprocessor.