Analog versus Digital Discrete Time Signals, Converting Analog Signals to Data Signals, Sample and Hold Characteristics, DAC Specifications, ADC Specifications, Mixed-Signal Layout Issues.
DAC Architectures, Digital Input Code, Resistors String, R-2R Ladder Networks, Current Steering, Charge Scaling DACs, Cyclic DAC, Pipeline DAC, ADC Architectures, Flash, 2-Step Flash ADC, Pipeline ADC, Integrating ADC, Successive Approximation ADC.
Basic CMOS Comparator Design (Excluding Characterization), Analog Multipliers, Multiplying Quad (Excluding Stimulation), Level Shifting (Excluding Input Level Shifting For Multiplier).
Improving SNR Using Averaging (Excluding Jitter & Averaging onwards), Decimating Filters for ADCs (Excluding Decimating without Averaging onwards), Interpolating Filters for DAC, Band pass and High pass Sync filters.
Process Flow, Capacitors and Resistors, MOSFET Switch (upto Bidirectional Switches), Delay and adder Elements, Analog Circuits MOSFET Biasing (upto MOSFET Transition Frequency).
OPAmp Design (Excluding Circuits Noise onwards)