Introduction, Elementary graph theory – oriented graph, tree, co-tree, basic cut-sets, basic loops; Incidence matrices – Element-node, Bus incidence, Tree-branch path, Basic cut-set,Augmented cut-set, Basic loop and Augmented loop, Primitive network – impedance form and admittance form.
Introduction, Formation of YBUS by method of inspection (including transformer off-nominal tap setting) and method of singular transformation (YBUS = ATyA), Formation of Bus Impedance matrix by step by step building algorithm (without mutual coupling elements).
Introduction, Power flow equations, Classification of buses, Operating constraints, Data for load flow, Gauss-Seidal Method – Algorithm and flow chart for PQ and PV buses (numerical problem for one iteration only), Acceleration of convergence; Newton Raphson’s Method – Algorithm and flow chart for NR method in polar coordinates (numerical problem for one iteration only).Algorithm for Fast Decoupled load flow method, Comparison of Load Flow Methods.
Introduction, Performance curves, Economic generation scheduling neglecting losses and generator limits, Economic generation scheduling including generator limits and neglecting losses; Iterative techniques; Economic Dispatch including transmission losses – approximate penalty factor, iterative technique for solution of economic dispatch with losses;Derivation of transmission loss formula; Optimal scheduling for Hydrothermal plants – problem formulation, solution procedure and algorithm.
Numerical solution of Swing Equation – Point-by-point method,Modified Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta method, Milne’s predictor corrector method. Representation of power system for transient stability studies – load representation, network performance equations. Solution techniques with flow charts.