Introduction to HV technology, need for generating high voltages in laboratory.Industrial applications of high voltage, Electrostatic precipitation, separation, painting and printing.
Classification of HV insulating media. Properties of important HV insulating media under each category. Gaseous dielectrics,Ionization: primary and secondary ionization processes. Criteria for gaseous insulation breakdown based on Townsend’s theory. Limitations of Townsend’s theory. Streamer’s theory breakdown in non uniform fields. Corona discharges. Breakdown in electro negative gases. Paschen’s law and its significance. Time lags of Breakdown. Breakdown in solid dielectrics: Intrinsic Breakdown, avalanche breakdown, thermal breakdown, and electro mechanic breakdown. Breakdown of liquid dielectrics: Suspended particle theory, electronic Breakdown, cavity breakdown (bubble’s theory), electro convection breakdown.
HV AC-HV transformer; Need for cascade connection and working of transformers units connected in cascade. Series resonant circuit- principle of operation and advantages. Tesla coil. HV DC- voltage doubler circuit, cock croft- Walton type high voltage DC set. Calculation of high voltage regulation, ripple and optimum number of stages for minimum voltage drop.
Introduction to standard lightning and switching impulse voltages. Analysis of single stage impulse generator-expression for Output impulse voltage. Multistage impulse generator working of Marx impulse. Rating of impulse generator. Components of multistage impulse generator. Triggering of impulse generator by three electrode gap arrangement.Trigatron gap and oscillograph time sweep circuits. Generation of switching impulse voltage. Generation of high impulse current.
Electrostatic voltmeter-principle, construction and limitation. Chubb and Fortescue method for HV AC measurement. Generating voltmeter- Principle,construction. Series resistance micro ammeter for HV DC measurements. Standard sphere gap measurements of HV AC, HV DC, and impulse voltages; Factors affecting the measurements. Potential dividers-resistance dividers capacitance dividers mixed RC potential dividers. Measurement of high impulse currents-Rogogowsky coil and Magnetic Links.
Dielectric loss and loss angle measurements using Schering Bridge, Transformer ratio Arms Bridge. Need for discharge detection and PD measurements aspects. Factor affecting the discharge detection. Discharge detection methods-straight and balanced methods.
Definitions of terminologies, tests on isolators, circuit breakers, cables insulators and transformers.