Power system control and operating states, control center, digital computer configuration, automatic generation control, area control error, operation without central computers, expression for tie-line flow and frequency deviation, parallel operation of generators, area lumped dynamic model.
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR: Basic generator control loops, Cross-coupling between control loops, Exciter types, Exciter modeling, Generator modeling, Static performance of AVR loop. AUTOMATIC LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL:Automatic Load frequency control of single area systems, Speed governing system, Hydraulic valve actuator, Turbine generator response, Static performance of speed governor, Closing of ALFC loop, Concept of control area, Static response of primary ALFC loop, Integral control, ALFC of multi-control area systems (POOL operation),The Two-Area system, Modeling the Tie-Line, Block Diagram representation of Two-Area system, Static response of Two-Area system and Tie-Line Bias control.
Introduction, generation and absorption of reactive power, relation between voltage, power and reactive power at a node, single machine infinite bus systems, methods of voltage control, sub synchronous resonance, voltage stability, voltage collapse.
Introduction , Optimal operation of generators on a bus bar, Statement of the Unit Commitment problem, need and importance of unit commitment, Constraint in Unit Commitment, Unit Commitment solution methods-Priority lists method, Forward Dynamic Programming method( excluding problem), Spinning reserve.
Introduction, factors affecting power system security, Security analysis, Contingency Selection, Techniques for contingency evaluation-D.C. load flow and fast decoupled load flow.
Introduction , Energy management system, the basis of power system state estimation(PSSE), mathematical description of PSSE process, minimization technique for PSSE, Least Square estimation, Error and detection in PSSE, System security and emergency control.
Introduction, Modes of failures of a system, Generating system and its performance, derivation of reliability index, reliability measure for N- unit system, cumulative probability outages- Recursive Relation, Loss of load probability, Frequency and duration of a state.