Disturbances in Power Systems and their Effects: Sudden Disturbance, Predictable Disturbances, Forms of System Failure, Analysis Techniques, Trends in the Development of Analytical Techniques.
Some General Aspects of Emergency Control: Definitions and Concepts used in Emergency Control, Some Standard Terminology, The Effects of Various Types of Fault or Disturbance on System Performance, Typical Pattern of the Development of a Sudden Disturbance, Conceptual Forms of Emergency Control, Effect of System Structure on the Need for and Implementation of Emergency Control, Design Criteria for Emergency Control Facilities.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Level L1 – Remembering, L2 – Understanding, L3 – Applying.
The Power System and its Operational and Control Infrastructure:Structure, The Functions of Interconnection, The Alternatives for Main Transmission, Security and Quality of Supply in Planning and Operation, Timescales in System Operation and Control, SCADA, Energy Management Systems, Communications and Telemetry,Telecommand, Distributed Generation, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS).
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Level L1 – Remembering, L2 – Understanding, L3 – Applying, L4 – Analysing.
Measures to Minimize the Impact of Disturbances: Factors in Onset, Severity and Propagation of a Disturbance, Measures in the Planning Timescale to Minimize the Risk of a Disturbance, Measures in the Operational Timescale to Minimize the Risk and Impact of a Disturbance, Special Protection Schemes, Reduction in the Spread of Disturbances, Measures to Minimize the Impact of Predictable Disturbances, An Approach to Managing Resources, The Control Centre.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Level L1 – Remembering, L2 – Understanding, L3 – Applying, L4 – Analysing.
The Natural Environment - Some Disturbances Reviewed: Introduction, Useful Sources of Information, Extreme Environmental Conditions, Noteworthy Disturbances,Incidents.
Restoration: Introduction, The Range of Disturbed System Conditions, Some General Issues in Restoration, Recovery from an Abnormal Operating Situation, Local Islanding or Localized Loss of Demand, The ‘Black Start’ Situation,Strategies for Restoration of the Whole System, Aides in Restoration Process, Problems Found in Restoration, Analysis, Simulation and Modelling in Blackstart, Restoration from a Foreseen Disturbance.
Training and Simulators for Emergency Control: Introduction, Training in General, The Need for Operator Training, The Content of Training, Forms of Training, Training Simulators, The Use of Dispatch Training Simulators in Practice.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Level L1 – Remembering, L2 – Understanding.
Plant Characteristics and Control Facilities for Emergency Control and Benefits to be Obtained: Introduction, The Characteristics and Facilities Required for Emergency Control, The System and Demand, System Control Costs for Emergencies, Indirect Costs, The Benefits of Emergency Control, Quantitative Aspects,Is Emergency Control Worthwhile?
Systems and Emergency Control in the Future: Introduction, Changes in Organization, Restructuring, Unbundling and Emergency Control, Facilities for Emergency Control in the Future, Superconductivity, Contingency Planning and Crisis.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Level L1 – Remembering, L2 – Understanding.