18EE733 Integrated of Distribution Generation syllabus for EE

Distributed Generation:

Introduction, status, Properties of wind power, Power Distribution as a function of wind speed, Solar Power: Status, Properties, Space requirements, Photovoltaic’s, Seasonal variation in production capacity, Combined Heat-and-Power: Status, Options for space Heating, Hydropower: Properties of Large Hydro, Properties of small Hydro, Variation with time, Tidal Power, Wave Power, Geothermal Power, Thermal Power Plant

Distributed Generation(continued):

Interface with the Grid. Power System Performance: Impact of Distributed Generation on the Power System, Aims of the Power System, Hosting Capacity Approach, Power Quality, Voltage Quality and Design of Distributed Generation, Hosting Capacity Approach for Events, Increasing the Hosting Capacity. Overloading and Losses: Impact of Distributed Generation, Overloading: Radial Distribution Networks, Active Power Flow Only, Active and Reactive Power Flow Overloading: Redundancy and Meshed Operation, Redundancy in Distribution Networks, Meshed Operation, Losses.

Over loading and Losses (continued):

Increasing the Hosting Capacity: Increasing the Loadability Building New Connections, Inter trip Schemes, Advanced protection Schemes, Energy Management Systems. Power Electronics approach, Demand Control, Prioritizing Renewable Energy, Dynamic Loadability.

Voltage Magnitude Variations:

Impact of Distributed Generation,Voltage Marginand Hosting Capacity: Voltage Control in Distribution Systems, Voltage Rise Owing to Distributed Generation, Hosting Capacity, Estimating hosting capacity without Measurements, Sharing hosting capacity. Design of Distribution Feeders: Basic Design Rules, Terminology, An Individual Generator Along a Medium-Voltage Feeder, Low voltage feeders, Series and Shunt Compensation, A Numerical Approach to Voltage Variations: Example for Two-stage Boosting, General Expressions for Two-Stage Boosting Tap Changers with Line- Drop Compensation: Transformer with One Single Feeder, Adding a Generator. Probabilistic Methods for Design of Distribution Feeders: Need for Probabilistic Methods, The System Studied, Generation with Constant Production, Adding Wind Power.

Voltage Magnitude Variations (continued):

Statistical Approach to Hosting Capacity, Increasing the Hosting Capacity: New or Stronger Feeders, Alternative Methods for Voltage Control Accurate Measurement of the Voltage Magnitude Variations, Allowing Higher Overvoltage’s Overvoltage Protection, Over Voltage Curtailment Compensating the generators voltage variations, Distributed generation with voltage control, Coordinated voltage control.

Power Quality Disturbances:

Impact of Distributed Generation, Fast Voltage Fluctuations: Fast Fluctuations in Wind Power, Fast Fluctuations in Solar Power, Rapid Voltage Changes, Very Short Variations. Voltage Unbalance: Weaker Transmission System, Stronger Distribution System, Large SinglePhase Generators, Stronger Distribution Grid Voltage Unbalance.

Power Quality Disturbances(continued):

Low-Frequency Harmonics: Wind Power: Induction Generators, Generators with Power Electronics Interfaces, Synchronous Generators, Measurement Example, Harmonic Resonances, Weaker Transmission Grid, Stronger Distribution Grid. High-Frequency Distortion: Emission by Individual Generators, Grouping Below and Above 2 kHz, Limits Below and Above 2 kHz,Voltage Dips: Synchronous Machines Balanced Dips and Unbalanced Dips, Induction generators and unbalanced dips. Increasing the Hosting Capacity: Strengthening the Grid, Emission Limits for Generator Units, Emission Limits for Other Customers, Higher Disturbance Levels, Passive Harmonic Filters, Power Electronics Converters, Reducing the Number of Dips, Broadband and High-Frequency Distortion.

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• Explain energy generation by wind power and solar power.
• Discuss the variation in production capacity at different time scales, the size of individual units, and the flexibility in choosing locations with respect to wind and solar systems.
• Explain the performance of the system when distributed generation is integrated to the system.
• Discuss effects of the integration of DG: the increased risk of overload, increased losses, increased risk of overvoltages and increased levels of power quality disturbances.
• Discuss effects of the integration of DG: incorrect operation of the protection.
• Discuss the impact the integration of DG on power system stability and operation.

Question paper pattern:

• The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
• Each full question will be for 20 marks.
• There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub- questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub- question covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

Textbook

1 Integration of Distributed Generation in the Power System Math Bollen Wiley 2011