Mechanical, Optical, Pneumatic, Acoustic strain gauges. Electrical Resistance Strain Gauges – Gauge factor , types, properties of an ideal gauge material, backing material, adhesive material, protective coating; Method of bonding strain gauges, strain gauges lead wire and connections, semiconductor strain gauges problems.
Strain gauge Circuits, Wheatstone’s bridge, Error due to input impedance of measuring instrument, temperature compensation, multiple gauge circuits, calibration of strain measuring system, loadcells, problems.
Necessity, analysis, problems.
Harmonic wave, phase, amplitude, polarization. Crystal optics: Passage of light through crystalline media, absolute and relative phase difference, quarter wave plate, half wave plate, production of plane polarized light and circularly polarized light.
Stress optic law, plane polariscope, isochromatics and isoclinics, circular polariscope, dark and bright fields arrangements, Isoclinic and Isochromatic fringe order at a point, methods of compensation separation technique.
Calibration of photo elastic model material, properties of ideal photo elastic material, casting of photo elastic models, machining, stress relieving, scaling model prototype relation, two dimensional application, problems.
Theory, photo elastic data for stress analysis, reflection polariscope. Moire techniques: Phenomenon, moiré fringe analysis, geometric approach, displacement approach, moiré techniques for inplane problems, sign and other of fringes, problems of moiré gratings, moiré fringe photograph.
Introduction to holography. Introduction to brittle coating technique. Introduction to computer techniques and fringe analysis.