Deviation from ideal processes. Effect of chemical equilibrium and variable specific heats. Effect of air fuel ratio and exhaust gas dilution. Calculation of combustion temperatures. Use of combustion charts. Simple. numerical problems.
Mixture requirements in S.I engine. Simple Carburetor and its limitations. Knock fee and knocking combustion-Theories of combustion process in S.I. engines. Effect of Knock on engine performance. Effect of operating variables on knocking. Knock rating of fuels-octane number. HUCR values. Anti knock agents - Pre ignition - Post ignition.
Ricardo's three stages of combustion process in C.I. engines. Delay period & factors affecting delay period. Diesel knock- Methods of controlling diesel knock. Knock rating of Diesel fuels.
Requirements of combustion chambers. Features of different types of combustion chambers system for S.I. engine. I-head, F-head combustion chambers. C.I. engine combustion chambers-Air swirl turbulence-M. type combustion chamber. Comparison of various types of combustion chambers.
Hydro carbons - chemical structure-influence of chemical structure on knock alternative fuels-Alcohols-vegetable oils- Bio gas as Diesel engine fuels.
Diesel injection systems-jerk pump injectors Nozzles of different types-Petrol injection systems for S.I. engines-Electronic fuel injection system. Cooling system- Water cooling, air cooling & liquid cooling-role of thermostats-radiator construction.
Turbo charging and super charging of I.C.engines, Stratified charge engines (Lean burned SI engine) Multi fuel engines, Rotary piston engine, Two injector engines Pilot ignition engine, all ceramic swirl chamber engines.
Mechanism of pollutant formation. Total emission control package thermal reactor package-catalytic converter package-control of NOX -Exhaust gas recirculation-Water injection.