Spark Ignition (SI) & Compression Ignition (CI) engines, cylinder – arrangements and their relatives merits, Liners, Piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, valves, valve actuating mechanisms, valve and port timing diagrams, Types of combustion chambers for S.I.Engine and C.I.Engines, Compression ratio, methods of a Swirl generation, choice of materials for different engine components, engine positioning, cooling requirements, methods of cooling, thermostat valves, different lubrication arrangements.
Conventional fuels, alternative fuels, normal and abnormal combustion, cetane and octane numbers, Fuel mixture requirements for SI engines, types of carburetors, C.D.& C.C. carburetors, multi point and single point fuel injection systems, fuel transfer pumps, Fuel filters, fuel injection pumps and injectors.
Naturally aspirated engines, Forced Induction, Types pf superchargers, Turbocharger construction and operation, Intercooler, Turbocharger lag.
Battery Ignition systems, magneto Ignition system, Transistor assist contacts. Electronic Ignition, Automatic Ignition advance systems.
General arrangement of clutch, Principle of friction clutches, Torque transmitted, Constructional details, Fluid flywheel, Single plate, multi-plate and centrifugal clutches. Gear box: Necessity for gear ratios in transmission, synchromesh gear boxes, 3, 4 and 5 speed gear boxes. Free wheeling mechanism, planetary gears systems, over drives, fluid coupling and torque converters, Epicyclic gear box, principle of automatic transmission, calculation of gear ratios, Numerical calculations for torque transmission by clutches.
Propeller shaft and universal joints, Hotchkiss and torque tube drives, differential, rear axle, different arrangements of fixing the wheels to rear axle, steering geometry, camber, king pin inclination, included angle, castor, toe in & toe out, condition for exact steering, steering gears, power steering, general arrangements of links and stub axle, over steer, under steer and neutral steer, numerical problems, types of chassis frames.
Requirements, Torsion bar suspension systems, leaf spring, coil spring, independent suspension for front wheel and rear wheel. Air suspension system. Types of brakes, mechanical compressed air, vacuum and hydraulic braking systems, construction and working of master and wheel cylinder, brake shoe arrangements, Disk brakes, drum brakes, Antilock –Braking systems, purpose and operation of antilock-braking system, ABS Hydraulic Unit, Rear-wheel antilock & Numerical Problems
Automotive emission controls, Controlling crankcase emissions, Controlling evaporative emissions, Cleaning the exhaust gas, Controlling the air-fuel mixture, Controlling the combustion process, Exhaust gas recirculation, Treating the exhaust gas, Air-injection system, Air-aspirator system, Catalytic converter, Emission standards- Euro I, II, III and IV norms, Bharat Stage II, III norms.