Applications Areas of Cryogenic Engineering Low temperature properties of engineering materials – Mechanical properties, Thermal properties, Electrical properties. Introduction The Thermodynamically Ideal system Production of low temperatures – Joule Thompson Effect, Adiabatic expansion.
Liquification systems for Air Simple Linde –Hampson System, Claude System, Heylndt System, Dual pressure, Claude. Liquefaction cycle Kapitza System. Comparison of Liquefaction Cycles Liquefaction cycle for hydrogen, helium and Neon, Critical components of liquefaction systems.
Classification of Cryo coolers Stirling cycle Cryo – refrigerators, Ideal cycle – working principle. Schmidt’s analysis of Stirling cycle Various configurations of Stirling cycle refrigerators Integral piston Stirling cryo-cooler, Free displacer split type Stirling Cryo coolers, Gifford Mcmahon Cryo- refrigerator, Pulse tube refrigerator, Solvay cycle refrigerator, Vuillimier refrigerator, Cryogenic regenerators.
Thermodynamic ideal separation system, Properties of mixtures, Principles of gas separation, Linde single column air separation. Linde double column air separation, Argon and Neon separation systems. Adsorption Process, PSA systems.
Magneto Caloric Refrigerator 3He-4He Dilution refrigerator. Pomeranchuk cooling. Measurement systems for low temperatures, Temperature measurement at low temperatures, Resistance thermometers, Thermocouples, Thermistors, Gas Thermometry. Liquid level sensors.
Vacuum Technology : Fundamental principles. Production of high vacuum, Mechanical vacuum pumps, Diffusion pumps, Cryo-pumping, Measurement of high vacuum level. Cryogenic Insulation: Heat transfer due to conduction, Evacuated porous insulation Powder & Fibers Opacified powder insulation, Gas filled powders & Fibrous materials Multilayer super-insulation, Composite insulation.
Design of cryogenic fluid storage vessels, Inner vessel, Outer Insulation, Suspension system, Fill and drain lines. Cryogenic fluid transfer, External pressurization, Self pressurization, Transfer pump.
Cryogenic application for food preservation – Instant Quick Freezing techniques 11.2 Super conductive devices, Cryogenic applications for space technology.