Introduction to Refrigeration –Basic Definitions, ASHRAE Nomenclature, Air Refrigeration Cycles-reversed Carnot cycle, Bell-Coleman cycle analysis, Air Refrigeration systems-merits and demerits and applications: Aircraft refrigeration cycles, Joule Thompson coefficient and Inversion Temperature, Linde, Claude and Stirling cycles for liquefaction of air.
Industrial Refrigeration- Chemical and process industries, Dairy plants, Petroleum refineries, Food processing and food chain, Miscellaneous
Vapour Compression Refrigeration System(VCRS): Comparison of Vapour Compression Cycle and Gas cycle, Vapour Compression Refrigeration system Working and analysis, Limitations, Superheat horn and throttling loss for various refrigerants, efficiency, Modifications to standard cycle – liquid-suction heat exchangers, Grindlay cycle and Lorenz cycle, Optimum suction condition for optimum COP – Ewing’s construction and Gosney’s method. Actual cycles with pressure drops, Complete Vapour Compression Refrigeration System, Multi-Pressure, Multi-evaporator systems or Compound Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems – Methods like Flash Gas removal, Flash inter cooling and water Inter cooling.
Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems: Absorbent – Refrigerant combinations, Water- Ammonia Systems, Practical problems, Lithium- Bromide System, Contrast between the two systems, Modified Version of Aqua-Ammonia System with Rectifier and Analyzer Assembly. Practical problems – crystallization and air leakage, Commercial systems
Other types of Refrigeration systems: Brief Discussion on (i) Steam-Jet refrigeration system and (ii) Thermoelectric refrigeration, pulse tube refrigeration, thermo acoustic refrigeration systems
Refrigerants: Primary and secondary refrigerants, Designation of Refrigerants, Desirable properties of refrigerants including solubility in water and lubricating oil, material compatibility, toxicity, flammability, leak detection, cost, environment and performance issues Thermodynamic properties of refrigerants, Synthetic and natural refrigerants, Comparison between different refrigerants vis a vis applications, Special issues and practical implications Refrigerant mixtures – zeotropic and azeotropicmixtures
Refrigeration systems Equipment: Compressors, Condensers, Expansion Devices and Evaporators, A brief look at other components of the system.
Air-Conditioning: Introduction to Air-Conditioning, Basic Definition, Classification, power rating, ASHRAE Nomenclature pertaining to Air-Conditioning, Applications of Air-Conditioning, Mathematical Analysis of Air-Conditioning Loads, Related Aspects, Different Air-Conditioning Systems-Central – Station Air-Conditioning System, Unitary Air-Conditioning System, Window Air- Conditioner and Packaged Air-Conditioner, Components related to Air-Conditioning Systems.
Transport air conditioning Systems: Air conditioning systems for automobiles (cars, buses etc.), Air conditioning systems for trains, Air conditioning systems for ships.