Introduction to Refrigeration –
Basic Definitions, Heat pump and Refrigerating Machine, Best Refrigeration Cycle:The Carnot Principle, Gas as a Refrigerant in Reversed Carnot Cycle,Limitations of Reversed Carnot Cycle, Reversed Brayton or Bell Coleman Cycle, Application to Aircraft Refrigeration, Simple Numerical problems.
Industrial Refrigeration-
Chemical and process industries, Dairy plants, Petroleum refineries, Food processing units.
Vapor Compression Refrigeration System(VCRS):
Modifications in Reversed Carnot Cycle with Vapor as a refrigerant, Vapor Compression Cycle, Ewing’s Construction, Actual Vapor Compression Cycle, Effect of Operating Conditions. Simple Numerical problems. Multistage or Compound Compression, Multi-evaporator systems, Cascade Systems, – Methods like Flash Gas removal, Flash inter cooling and water Inter cooling.
Vapor Absorption Refrigeration Systems:
Simple Vapor – Absorption System, Maximum Coefficient of Performance of a Heat Operated Refrigerating Machine, Absorbent – Refrigerant combinations, Water-Ammonia Systems,Practical problems, Lithium- Bromide System, Modifications to Simple Vapor-Absorption, Electrolux Refrigerator.
Other types of Refrigeration systems:
(i) Steam-Jet refrigeration system and (ii) Thermoelectric refrigeration,(iii) pulse tube refrigeration, (iv)thermo acoustic refrigeration systems
Refrigerants:
Primary and Secondary refrigerants, Designation of Refrigerants, Desirable properties of refrigerants, Selection of a Refrigerant, Ozone Depletion Potential and Global Warming Potential of CFC Refrigerants. Thermodynamic requirements, Comparison between different refrigerants, Substitutes for CFC refrigerants, Secondary Refrigerants.
Refrigeration systems Equipment:
Compressors, Condensers, Expansion Devices and Evaporators, A brief look at other components of the system.
Air-Conditioning:
Basic Processes in Conditioning of Air, Psychrometric Processes in Air-Conditioning Equipment, Simple Air-Conditioning /system and State and Mass Rate of Supply Air, Summer Air Conditioning, Winter Air Conditioning.
Loading Calculation and Applied Psychometrics:
Preliminary Considerations, Internal Hear Gains, System Heat Gains, Break-up of Ventilation Load and Effective Sensible Heat Factor, Cooling Load Estimate. Psychrometric Calculations for Cooling, Selection of Air-Conditioning Apparatus for Cooling and Dehumidification, Building Requirements and Energy Conservation in Air Conditioned Buildings.
Transport air conditioning Systems:
Air conditioning systems for automobiles (cars, buses etc.), Air conditioning systems for trains, Air conditioning systems for ships.
Course outcomes:
1. Illustrate the principles, nomenclature and applications of refrigeration systems.
2. Explainvapor compression refrigeration system and identify methods for performance improvement
3. Study the working principles of air, vapor absorption, thermoelectric and steam-jet and thermo-acoustic refrigeration systems
4. Estimate the performance of air-conditioning systems using the principles of psychometry.
5. Compute and Interpret cooling and heating loads in an air-conditioning system
6. Identify suitable refrigerant for various refrigerating systems
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Roy J. Dossat, Principles of Refrigeration, Wiley Limited
2. Arora C.P., Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, Tata Mc Graw –Hill, New Delhi, 2ndEdition, 2001.
3. Stoecker W.F., and Jones J.W., Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, Mc Graw - Hill, New Delhi 2nd edition, 1982.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Dossat,Principles of Refrigeration Pearson-2006.
2. McQuistion,Heating,Ventilation and Air Conditioning, Wiley Students edition,5thedition 2000.
3. PITA,Air conditioning 4rth edition, pearson-2005
4. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning' by Manoharprasad
5. S C Arora& S Domkundwar, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning DhanpatRai Publication
6. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105128/#