Introduction and Review of fundamental concepts:
Thermodynamic definition and scope, Microscopic and Macroscopic approaches, Some practical applications of engineering thermodynamic Systems, Characteristics of system boundary and control surface, examples. Thermodynamic properties; definition and units, intensive, extensive properties, specific properties, pressure, specific volume Thermodynamic state, state point, state diagram, path and process, quasi-static process, cyclic and non-cyclic; processes; Thermodynamic equilibrium; definition, mechanical equilibrium; diathermic wall, thermal equilibrium, chemical equilibrium, (Only for Self study)
Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
Temperature; scales, thermometry, Importance of temperature measuring instruments. Design of Thermometers.
Work and Heat:
Thermodynamic definition of work; examples, sign convention, Displacement work, Heat; definition, units and sign convention, Expressions for displacement work and heat in various processes through p-v diagrams. Shaft work, Electrical work.
First Law of Thermodynamics:
Statement of the first law of thermodynamics, extension of the First law to non - cyclic processes, energy, energy as a property, Steady Flow Energy Equation (SFEE) and engineering applications.
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy:
Limitations of first law of thermodynamics. Devices converting heat to work; (a) In a thermodynamic cycle, (b) In a mechanical cycle. Thermal reservoir, direct heat engine; schematic representation and efficiency. Kelvin - Planck statement of the Second law of Thermodynamics; PMM I and PMM II, Clausius statement of Second law of Thermodynamics, Carnot cycle, Clausius inequality, Statement-proof, Entropydefinition, a property, change of entropy, entropy as a quantitative test for irreversibility, entropy as a coordinate.
Available energy and Exergy:
Available energy, Maximum work in a reversible process; useful work; Dead state; availability; Second law efficiency.
Introduction and Review of Ideal and Real gases:
Ideal gas mixtures, Daltons law of partial pressures, Amagats law of additive volumes, Evaluation of properties of ideal gases. Real gases: introduction, Van-Der Waal’s equation, Van-Der Waal’s constants in terms of critical properties. (Only for self study)
Compressibility factor, compressibility chart and applications.
Thermodynamic relations:
Maxwell’s equations, TdS equation. Ratio of Heat capacities and Energy equation, Joule-Kelvin effect, Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Combustion thermodynamics:
Theoretical (Stoichiometric) air for combustion of fuels, excess air, actual combustion. Exhaust gas analysis. A/F ratio, energy balance for a chemical reaction, enthalpy of formation, enthalpy and internal energy of combustion, adiabatic flame temperature, combustion efficiency.
Pure Substances:
P-T and P-V diagrams, triple point and critical points, sub-cooled liquid, saturated liquid, mixture of saturated liquid and vapour, saturated vapour and superheated vapour states of pure substance with water as example. Enthalpy of change of phase (Latent heat), Dryness fraction (quality) representation of various processes on T-S & H-S diagrams.
Vapour Power Cycles:
Carnot vapour power cycle, simple Rankine cycle, actual vapour power cycles, ideal and practical regenerative Rankine cycles, open and closed feed water heaters, Reheat Rankine cycle and characteristics of an Ideal working fluid in vapour power cycles.
Gas power cycles
Ericson Cycle, Stirling Cycle, Air standard cycles-Otto cycle, Diesel cycle and Dual cycle, computation of thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure, comparison of Otto, Diesel & Dual cycles.
Gas turbine Cycles:
Introduction and classification of gas turbine, gas turbine (Brayton) cycle; description and thermal analysis and methods to improve thermal efficiency of gas turbines, Jet Propulsion.
Course Outcomes (Course Skill Set)
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Describe the fundamental concepts and principles of engineering thermodynamics.
2. Apply the governing laws of thermodynamics for different engineering applications.
3. Analyse the various thermodynamic processes, cycles and results.
4. Interpret and relate the impact of thermal engineering practices to real life problems.
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)
Continuous Internal Evaluation:
Three Unit Tests each of 20 Marks (duration 01 hour)
Two assignments each of 10 Marks
1. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester
2. Second assignment at the end of 9th week of the semester
Group discussion/Seminar/quiz any one of three suitably planned to attain the COs and POs for 20 Marks (duration 01 hours)
1. At the end of the 13th week of the semester The sum of three tests, two assignments, and quiz/seminar/group discussion will be out of 100 marks and will be scaled down to 50 marks (to have less stressed CIE, the portion of the syllabus should not be common /repeated for any of the methods of the CIE. Each method of CIE should have a different syllabus portion of the course).
CIE methods /question paper is designed to attain the different levels of Bloom’s taxonomy as per the outcome defined for the course.
Semester End Examination:
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for the subject (duration 03 hours)
Suggested Learning Resources:
Text Books Books
Reference Books