21ME52 Thermo-fluids Engineering syllabus for ME

Performance Testing of IC Engines:

Two-stroke and Four-stroke I.C. engines - Measurement of speed, air flow, fuel consumption, Measurement of Brake Power and Indicated Power, Performance curves, Heat Balance sheet., Frictional power: various methods – Willan’s line, Morse test, motoring etc.

Reciprocating Air Compressors:

Operation of a single stage reciprocating compressors: work input through p-v diagram, effect of clearance and volumetric efficiency, adiabatic, isothermal and mechanical efficiencies. Multi-stage compressor, saving in work, optimum intermediate pressure, inter-cooling, minimum work for compression. Discussion on application.

Refrigeration:

Vapour compression refrigeration system; description, analysis, refrigerating effect, capacity, power required, units of refrigeration, COP, reversed Carnot cycle, vapour absorption refrigeration system and Air refrigeration system. Use of refrigeration tables and p-h chart. Classification of Refrigerants. Desirable properties of refrigerants.

Psychrometries:

Atmospheric air and Psychrometric properties: DBT, WBT, DPT, partial pressure, specific and relative humidity and relation between the enthalpy and adiabatic saturation temperatures. Construction and use of psychrometric chart. Analysis of various processes: Heating, cooling, dehumidifying and humidifying. Adiabatic mixing of stream of moist air. Analysis of summer and winter air-conditioning systems. Discussion on commercial Air conditioning systems.

Introduction to Turbo machines:

Classification of Turbomachines, Basic constructional details, Euler’s equation for a Turbo machine, Impulse & Reaction machine - Axial flow and radial flow machines, utilization factor, degree of reaction & efficiencies of Turbo machines,

Introduction to positive displacement machines:

Classification, comparison with turbomachines. Construction and working of reciprocating pump, gear and vane pumps. Discussion on engineering applications.

Hydraulic Turbines:

Classification of hydraulic turbines, Various heads and efficiencies, working principle, Velocity triangles, work done, efficiencies etc in Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine. Draft tubes, Cavitation in reaction turbines, characteristic curves.Significance of Specific speed and Unit quantities.

Centrifugal Pumps:

Main Parts of centrifugal pump, Various heads and efficiencies, work done, minimum speed for starting centrifugal pump, Classifications- Performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps, Cavitation in pumps and NPSH. Pumps in series and parallel, casings. Discussion on engineering applications.

Centrifugal Fans, Blowers & Compressors:

types; velocity triangles, work done and degree of reaction, size & speed; vane shape & efficiency; vane shape & characteristics; actual performances characteristics; Concept of slip and slip coefficient. Discussion on engineering applications.

Steam and gas Turbines:

Impulse turbines, Staging - expression for work done in a 2-stage velocity compounded turbineeffect of blade & nozzle losses- Reaction staging- reheat factor- performance characteristics, problems using Mollier’s chart & introduction to gas turbines.

PRACTICAL COMPONENT OF IPCC

Use of modern computing tools preferred in analysis of performance and estimations

Experiments

1 Determination of calorific value of solid/liquid fuels using Bomb Calorimeter

2 Determination of calorific value of gaseous fuels using Junker’s Gas Calorimeter.

3 Performance test on single cylinder engine four/two stroke and draw Heat balance sheet

4 Performance test on multi cylinder engine, draw Heat balance sheet and perform Morse test

5 Performance test on Vapour compression refrigeration -test rig.

6 Performance test on Air conditioning-test rig.

7 Performance test on single/multi stage Reciprocating compressor.

8 Performance test on single / multi-stage centrifugal pump.

9 Performance test on Pelton turbine and draw main and operating characteristics.

10 Performance test on Franci’s turbine and draw main and operating characteristics.

11 Performance test on Kaplan turbine and draw main and operating characteristics.

12 Performance test on centrifugal blower and draw performance characteristics for different vane shapes.

13 Demonstration on Computerised IC Engine test rig for its performance and analysis.

Course outcomes (Course Skill Set):

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• Apply the concepts of testing of I. C. Engines and evaluate their performance, and evaluate the performance of Reciprocating compressor.
• Apply and analyse the concepts related to Refrigeration and Air conditioning, and get conversant with Psychrometric Charts, Psychrometric processes, human comfort conditions.
• Explain the construction, classification and working principle of the Turbo machines and apply of Euler’s turbine equation to evaluate the energy transfer and other related parameters. Compare and evaluate the performance of positive displacement pumps.
• Classify, explain and analyse the various types of hydraulic turbines and centrifugal pumps.
• Classify, explain and analyse various types of steam turbines and centrifugal compressor.

Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)

• The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE) is 50%.
• The minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks).
• A student shall be deemed to have satisfied the academic requirements and earned the credits allotted to each subject/ course if the student secures not less than 35% (18 Marks out of 50) in the semester-end examination(SEE), and a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together

CIE for the theory component of IPCC

Two Tests each of 20 Marks (duration 01 hour)

• First test at the end of 5th week of the semester
• Second test at the end of the 10th week of the semester Two assignments each of 10 Marks
• First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester
• Second assignment at the end of 9th week of the semester Scaled-down marks of two tests and two assignments added will be CIE marks for the theory component of IPCC for 30 marks.

CIE for the practical component of IPCC

• On completion of every experiment/program in the laboratory, the students shall be evaluated and marks shall be awarded on the same day. The15 marks are for conducting the experiment and preparation of the laboratory record, the other 05 marks shall be for the test conducted at the end of the semester.
• The CIE marks awarded in the case of the Practical component shall be based on the continuous evaluation of the laboratory report. Each experiment report can be evaluated for 10 marks. Marks of all experiments’ writeups are added and scaled down to 15 marks.
• The laboratory test (duration 03 hours) at the end of the 15th week of the semester /after completion of all the experiments (whichever is early) shall be conducted for 50 marks and scaled down to 05 marks.
• Scaled-down marks of write-up evaluations and tests added will be CIE marks for the laboratory component of IPCC for 20 marks.

SEE for IPCC

Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for the course (duration 03 hours)

• The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks. Marks scored shall be reduced proportionally to 50 marks
• There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a maximum of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
• The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

The theory portion of the IPCC shall be for both CIE and SEE, whereas the practical portion will have a CIE component only. Questions mentioned in the SEE paper shall include questions from the practical component).

• The minimum marks to be secured in CIE to appear for SEE shall be the 12 (40% of maximum marks-30) in the theory component and 08 (40% of maximum marks -20) in the practical component. The laboratory component of the IPCC shall be for CIE only. However, in SEE, the questions from the laboratory component shall be included. The maximum of 04/05 questions to be set from the practical component of IPCC, the total marks of all questions should not be more than the 20 marks.
• SEE will be conducted for 100 marks and students shall secure 35% of the maximum marks to qualify in the SEE. Marks secured will be scaled down to 50.

Suggested Learning Resources:

Text Books

1. Engineering Thermodynamics P.K. Nag Tata McGraw Hill 6th Edition 2018

2. Applications of Thermodynamics V.Kadambi, T. R.Seetharam, K. B. Subramanya Kumar Wiley Indian Private Ltd 1st Edition 2019

3. Turbo machines M. S. Govindegowda and A. M. Nagaraj M. M. Publications 7Th Ed, 2012

4. Thermodynamics Yunus A, Cengel, Michael A Boles Tata McGraw Hill 7th Edition

5. An Introduction to Energy Conversion, Volume III, Turbo machinery, V. Kadambi and Manohar Prasad New Age International Publishers reprint 2008

6. Turbo Machines B.U.Pai Wiley India Pvt, Ltd 1st Edition

Reference Books

1. Principles of Engineering Thermodynamics Michael J, Moran, Howard N. Shapiro Wiley 8th Edition

2. An Introduction to Thermodynamics, Y.V.C.Rao Wiley Eastern Ltd 2003.

3. Thermodynamics Radhakrishnan PHI 2nd revised edition

4. I.C.Engines M.L.Mathur& Sharma. Dhanpat Rai& sons- India

5. Turbines, Compressors & Fans S. M. Yahya Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd 2nd edition, 2002

6. Principals of Turbo machines D. G. Shepherd The Macmillan Company 1964

7. Fluid Mechanics & Thermodynamics of Turbo machines S. L. Dixon Elsevier 2005