MOSFETs
Field – Effect Transistors: Introduction, Construction and Characteristics of JFETs, Transfer Characteristics- Derivation, Applying Schokley’s Equation, Depletion Type. MOSFET: Basic Construction, Types of MOS, NMOS, PMOS, Basic Operation and Characteristics, VI Characteristics, Fabrication process of MOS transistors, N-well process, twin well process, SOI process MOSFET models: Small signal model, introduction to second order effects: body effect, channel length modulation, sub threshold conduction
CMOS TECHNOLOGY
CMOS inverters, voltage transfer characteristics, propagation delay, power dissipation equation, MOSFET scaling and its impact on current and power equation MOS capacitance, MOS modelling, Spice Models Realization of digital circuits using CMOS technology: NAND Gate, NOR Gate, CMOS transmission gates, Multiplexer, 2:1, 4:1, XOR gate, XNOR gate, Complex logic circuits, AOI gate, OAI gate.
CMOS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS
1-bit Latch, SR latch, gated SR latch, D-latch, positive triggered latch, negative triggered latch, master-slave register, flip flop, edge triggered register, JK flip flop, Latch vs Registers Timing Diagram: Timing definitions, setup time, hold time, clock to q delay, maximum clock frequency, mux based latch, CMOS Schmitt trigger, ring oscillator
REGISTERS AND COUNTERS
Registers: Introduction, Registers: Four Bit Latch, Shift Register, Serial In Serial Out Shift Register: Left-Shift Serial-In Serial-Out Register with D Flip-Flop, Serial-In Parallel-Out Shift Register, Parallel-In Serial-Out Shift Register: PISO Left-Shift Register, Ring Counter, Johnson Counter. Counters: Introduction, Synchronous Counter, Modulus-4 Synchronus Up Counter, Modulus-4 Synchronus Down Counter, Modulus-4 Synchronus Up/Down Counter, Modulus-8 Synchronus Up Counter, Modulus-8 Synchronus Down Counter, Modulus-8 Synchronus Up/ Down Counter.
FINITE STATE MACHINES
Introduction, Mealy machine, Moore machines, sequence detector, examples of sequence detector of 4 bit sequence, representing counters using FSM diagrams