General Introduction To Spectroscopy - Define Spectroscopy, Types of spectroscopy, Absorption spectrum, Emission spectra, Wave length and Wave number, Electromagnetic radiation, Visible spectrum, Stokes’s shift, Hypochromicity, transmittance.
Introduction, basic principles and instrumentation - InfraredSpectroscopy,FlamePhotometry,Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
Radiochemical Techniques – Define radioactivity, half life of radioactive element, radioactive isotopes, Induced radioactivity, GM Counter, Gas ionization detector, Scintillation counter, Quenching, Radiodating, Radioactive tracer, Autoradiography, Radioimmuno assay.
Electrophoretic Methods – Principle, Types – free solution method and zone electrophoresis, Electrophoretic mobility, Factors affecting electrophoretic mobility.
Polarography: Principles of polarographic measurements, polarograms, Description and working of dropping mercury electrode. Current and concentrations relationship. Supporting electrolyte. Limiting current, half wave potential. Factors affecting half wave potential. Migration current, Residual current and diffusion current. Modes of operation. Rapid scan polarography, differential pulse polarography, sinusoidal a.c. polarography. Applications of polarography-Identification and determination of concentration of analyte.
Introduction to Chromatography: Classification - Theory - distribution coefficient, rate of travel, retention time, retention volume, adjusted retention volume, specific retention volume, column capacity, separation number, peak capacity, shapes of chromatic peak, column efficiency, resolution, optimization of column performance, Chromatogram, Void volume.
Thin Layer Chromatography: Stationary phase, mobile phase, sample application, development techniques – evaluation and documentation, advantages and disadvantages of TLC.
Gas Chromatography: Principle, carrier gas, stationery phase, instrumentation, sample injection, column detectors (TCD, FID, ECD), effect of temperature on retention, qualitative and quantitative analysis.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Principle, instrumentation, column, sample injection,detectors (absorbance, refractive index, electrochemical), mobile phase selection, ion pair chromatography.