Black body radiation spectrum, Assumptions of quantum theory ofradiation, Plank’s law, Weins law and Rayleigh Jeans law, for shorter andlonger wavelength limits. Wave Particle dualism, deBroglie hypothesis.Compton Effect. Matter waves and their Characteristic properties,Definition of Phase velocity and group velocity, Relation between phasevelocity and group velocity, Relation between group velocity and particlevelocity.Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle and its application, (Non-existence ofelectron in the nucleus).Wave function, Properties and physicalsignificance of wave function, Probability density and Normalization ofwave function. Setting up of one dimensional time independentSchrodinger wave equation. Eigen values and Eigen functions.Application of Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in a potential wellof infinite depth and for free particle.
Free–electron concept (Drift velocity, Thermal velocity, Mean collisiontime, Mean free path, relaxation time). Failure of classical free electrontheory. Quantum free electron theory, Assumptions, Fermi factor, densityof states (qualitative only) Fermi–Dirac Statistics. Expression for electricalconductivity based on quantum free electron theory, Merits of quantumfree electron theory.Conductivity of Semi conducting materials, Concentration of electronsand holes in intrinsic semiconductors, law of mass action.Temperature dependence of resistivity in metals and superconductingmaterials. Effect of magnetic field (Meissner effect). Type I and Type IIsuperconductors–Temperature dependence of critical field. BCS theory(qualitative). High temperature superconductors. Applications ofsuperconductors – Maglev vehicles.
Einstein’s coefficients (expression for energy density). Requisites of aLaser system. Condition for laser action. Principle, Construction andworking of CO2 laser and semiconductor Laser. Applications of Laser –Laser welding, cutting and drilling. Measurement of atmosphericpollutants. Holography–Principle of Recording and reconstruction ofimages.Propagation mechanism in optical fibers. Angle of acceptance. Numericalaperture. Types of optical fibers and modes of propagation. Attenuation,Block diagram discussion of point to point communication, applications.
Space lattice, Bravais lattice–Unit cell, primitive cell. Lattice parameters.Crystal systems. Direction and planes in a crystal. Miller indices.Expression for inter – planar spacing. Co-ordination number. Atomicpacking factors (SC,FCC,BCC). Bragg’s law, Determination of crystalstructure using Bragg’s X–ray difractometer. Polymarphism and Allotropy.Crystal Structure of Diamond, qualitative discussion of Pervoskites.
Definition of Mach number, distinctions between- acoustic, ultrasonic,subsonic and supersonic waves. Description of a shock wave and itsapplications. Basics of conservation of mass, momentum and energy.Normal shock equations (Rankine-Hugonit equations). Method of creatingshock waves in the laboratory using a shock tube, description of handoperated Reddy shock tube and its characteristics.Introduction to Nano Science, Density of states in 1D, 2D and 3Dstructures. Synthesis : Top–down and Bottom–up approach, Ball Millingand Sol–Gel methods.CNT – Properties, synthesis: Arc discharge, Pyrolysis methods,Applications.Scanning Electron microscope: Principle, working and applications.